200 DREPANA. By Dr. E. Strand. 



The larvae partly or entii-ely spin together the leaves on which they rest, then eat so much of the leaf as to 

 leave just enough of the shelter for concealing them, and then form another case. Pupa brown, wing- 

 cases blackish ; distinguished from that of falcataria by the two head-cases being pointed and curved outward. 



japonibut. — • Japanese specimens are larger (expanse up to 45 mm) and also frequently lighter in colour: f. japonibia/o///;. 

 jwv. (23 h); such specimens are before me from Nikko (Mus. Berol. and coll. Seitz), and Leech (1898) mentions 

 similar ones from Hakodate and Oiwake. But other Japanese specimens are scarcely distmguishable from 

 European ones. 



harpagula. D. harpagula Esp. (= sicula Hbn.) (23 h). Dark fawn-brown, .suffused witli violet-red; foreM'ing in the 



centre with three connected grey round spots, the outer one of which is spotted with yellow; tlie forewhig has 



a very deep sinus below the apex. All wings with two dark dentate transverse lines; from the apex of the 



forewing a zigzag stripe edged with blackish and running along the margin to the inner angle. Expanse 39 mm. 



Central Kurope, Livonia, Southern Sweden, Northern Italy, Amiu\ probably as a rule only m one generation, 



in June, but sometimes also in August. — Larva yellow, on segment 3 with a brown fleshy appendage divided 



at the tip, the sides, and first three segments also dorsally, marked with violet-brown; vertex produced into 



two jioints; anal process long, reddish brown. 25 to 30 mm long. On Birch, Lime and Oak until September. 



Pupa brown, dusted with ^\'hitish. 



lacertinaria. D. lacertinaria L. (= lacertula Schiff.) (23 h). Forewing witli sinuous margin and less conspicuously 



produced apex than in the preceding species, leather-yellow pencilled with brown, with two nearly straight 



dark transverse lines and a black median spot between. Hmdwing much paler yellowish, unicolorous. 39 mm. 



North and Central Europe, to 65" N. Lat., Italy, Amur, Ural, Eastern Siberia. Two broods, in May and July 



acsliva. to August, in the North only in June and Jidy. — The summer form, aestiva Rbl., is larger and paler, forewing 



sdncula. to 20 mm long (in the main form at most 18 mm). — scincula Hhti. {— dimidiata Tengstr.), from the high 



conjuncta. North, has the forewmg strongly dusted with grey. — conjuncta Bbl. has the two transverse lines only in the 



innermarginal portion of the forewing; they are confluejit below the centre. — Eggs elongate-ovate, yellow, 



glossy, later grey or red, are laid m rows, and the larvae emerge after 10 days. Larva reddish, spotted with 



brown, with reddish head and larger wart-like projections on segments 2, 3 and 11; on Alder and Birch, 



in June and September. 28 mm long. Pupa light brown, strongly dusted with white, in a loose sulphur-yellow 



cocoon. 



binaria. D. binaria Hfn. (23 h, i). Ochreous reddish, suffused ^\■ith violet-grey, especially on the forewing. The 



latter with only sliglitly produced apex, and two blackish grey spots below the costal margin in the middle 



between two yellow transverse lines, which are also continued on the hindwing, the latter becoming lighter 



towards the costal margin. 36 mm. Central Europe, Asia Minor, Armenia, Kurdistan, in two broods. May and 



■uncinula. September, rare. — uncinula BorM. (= uncula i/6«.) (23i), from Southern Evn-ope and Mauretania, is usually 



larger (forewmg to 21, in the mam form 17 mm), paler, suffused with pale greyish violet, and with larger 



central spot in the forewing. In Portugal, m three broods, in April, June and August, now and again also in 



umhratula. Southern Central Europe. — umbratuIa*S'<grf., from Northern Italy, is much darker chestnut. — There is a $from 

 Elberfeld before me from the former coll. IVLvassen which is like the lightest uncinulit in coloiu-, but beyond the 

 apex of the forewing there is scarcely a trace of darker colour and the specimen is much smaller; length of 



lilipidaria. forewing only 13 or 14 mm. I call this form ab. liliputaria form. nov. — From the south of the Province 

 of Oran in Algeria there is a (^before me from coll. Bang-Haas which is most closely allied to uncinuhi, but is 

 at once distinguishable in that the hindwing is of exactly the same greyish violet colour as the forewing. 

 Costal margin of forewing bright yellow. Fringes of forewing for the most part dark, those of the hindwmg some- 

 what lighter. The distal one of the transverse lines of both wings is recognisable, the proximal one very slightly 

 oranaria. indicated. Length of forewing 15 mm. This form, perhaps a local variety, may receive the name oranaria form, 

 nov. (23 i). — Egg oval, greenish white, later on carmine, with longitudinal grooves and a transverse band. 

 Larva 30 mm long, greenish, laterally violet grey or greenish brown, with saddle-shaped yellow spot dorsally 

 on segments 6 to 9 edged with brown and narrowed anteriorly and behind, segment 3 with a fleshy process in- 

 cised at the apex; at both sides of this a row of white dots. E.specially on Oak, also on bushes of Beech and 

 Alder; in June and August. The larva of unicula is almost uniformly green, and lives on Quercus ilex. 



cuUraria. D. cultraria F. (= sicula Esp., unguicula Hbn.) (23 i). Apex of forewing distinctly produced. Bright 



oc^hreous, forewing with grey median band with light edges, which is also continued on the lighter hindwing, 

 where it is narrower; on the forewuig the band bears an obsolescent grey median dot. 32 to 34 mm. Central 

 Europe, Denmark, Southern Sweden, Northern Italy, Bithjaiia, Dalmatia, abundant in Beech woods, May 

 aestiva. and August. — aestiva Spr. (= minor Fvch-s) (23 i), the summer brood, is somewhat smaller (length of fore- 

 wing 10 to 11 instead of 15 mm), darker, with two more distuict median dots on the forewing. — Larva 30 mm 

 long, light brown with darker median line, whitish lunulate lateral stripe and lighter dorsal saddle-shaped spot. 

 The ])rotuberance on segment 3 is small, only divided at the tip. Head light brown. On Beech, in June 

 and August. Pupaglossy brown, and lies (v. aes/wa) 10 to 12 days. The (J cJ fly in the sunshine, especially in the 

 afternoon, but are wary and not easy to catch on account of their oscillating flight, as they go into the air 

 when approached. In many years very abundant, in others more singly. 



