212 ORAKLLSIA; SAMIA. By Dr. K. Jordan. 



the tail. From Peking and Shantung to Central and Eastern China and Formosa. — In Southern Cliina and in 

 Hainan selene Hbn. occurs; West-Chinese specimens also have the tail partly red, and must be placed with 

 selene. In North-Western India selene does not reach the Palearctic Region. 

 Hybrids of Actias: 

 mortoni. hyl)r. mOftoni Tntt = lima ,$ X selene $. 



2. Genus: CiiraollKia Grote. 



Closely allied to Actias. Antennae of ^ with longer pectinations, only the three or four last segments with 

 only one process on each side, the distal segments below not prolonged at the apex either in the (^ or the $, the 

 apical branches of each segment short, the proximal ones on the middle segments about as long as a segment, 

 the bristles at the tips of the pectinations and the sense-cones at the apical edges of the segments numerous. 

 Frons and underside of thorax more rough-haired than in Actias. Spur of fore tibia shorter and slenderer, in the 

 $ not half so long as the tibia; fifth segment of fore tarsus of $ densely scaled also below, short. Forewing 

 with three subcostal branches and sometimes with the indication of a fourth, the penultimate one termin- 

 ating at the costal margin slightly before the apex, as it not down-curved at its apex as in Actias; the upper 

 median slightly more distant from the base than the stalk of the subcostals, in the hindwmg the upper median 

 and the third radial branches close together, the cross-vein straight, placed in the centre of the round ocellus, 

 the upper angle of the cell of the hindwing obtuse. — Larva Avith six rows of small warts, on segment 11 as in 

 Actias the two dorsal warts fused together to form one larger median wart; upperlip short, broadly excised; 

 antennae short. Cocoon moderately dense, semitransparent and soft. Cremaster of pupa coarsely wrinkled, 

 obtuse, covered with numerous hooked bristles, by means of which the pupa is attached to the cocoon. A 

 species confined to Spam, characteristically modified and representing a side -branch of Actias. Its distri- 

 bution recalls the Cicindelid Tetracha euphratica, which is in Europe also only found in Spain, but again in the 

 East in Anterior Asia. 

 isahcllac. G. isabellae Gmells (33 c). Body reddish brown, head and thorax with yellow markings, abdomen 



ringed with yellowish grey. Wings green, veins reddish brown, ocellus reddish distally, red and grey proximally, 

 surrounded by a black ring. — Larva first greenish black with light stripes; when full-grown light green, a broad 

 dorsal stripe i-eddish brown, accompanied on each side by a light line, the reddish brown colour continues laterad 

 and forms a girdle becoming wider below on each segment (with the exception of the thorax) and being inter- 

 rupted by two light oblique streaks, between which lies the stigma; large black transverse patches on the thorax. 

 Cocoon reddish brown. On Pinus maritima, also feeds on other conifers in captivity. Sierra de Guadarrama, 

 north and east of Madrid, most common near Bronchales. Piipa hibernates, cocoon on the ground. A de- 

 tailed description of the larva is given by Chapman in Ent. Record 1902, p. 12(5. 



3. Genus: Naiiiia Hbn. 



Tongue present, in the $ hidden between the palpi, in the ^ distinct but functionless. Pectinations 

 of antenna of $ not much shorter than in the ^J, the cilia directed down and forewards, the basal and apical 

 branches of each segment almost equally long, with the exception of the last eight or nine segments, on 

 \vliich the apical branches are absent or quite short. Abdomen with many tufts of short wool arranged in rows. 

 Spur of fore tibia almost reaching the end of the tibia, last segment of fore tarsus of the $ not scaled beneath, 

 middle and hind tibiae with apical spurs. Both wings with narrow central lunule, the tran.sparent portion of 

 which is curved and linear; cell of both wings open; forewing with three subcostal veins, the first branch from 

 the cell, more rarely from the stalk of the two others, the second curved downwards at the apex of the wing 

 so that it ends in the outer margin, the upper median vem nearer the base than is the stalk of the subcostal. 

 — Larvae powdered with white ; with six rows of fleshy thorns, which bear sparse bristles, the dorsal processes 

 longer than the lateral ones in the earlier stages, later on the difference smaller. Cocoon long, pointed at both 

 ends, usually wrapped up in a large or several small leaves. Pupa without bristles at the anal end. Two species, 

 one of which is confined to India, while the other occurs from Japan to India and eastward to the Sula Islands, 

 and is also acclimatised in several localities m Europe and North America. 



S. cynthia. Abdomen with rows of small white woolly tufts. Grund-colour of body and wings varying from 

 clay-colour to olive-brown, the anterior portion (towards the costa) of the lunule transparent, tliinly scaled with 

 white, the posterior portion clay-colour; a white discal line traverse both wings, with a black inner and a more 

 or less reddish outer edge, in the basal area of the wings a distally black-edged white line wliicli is so strongly broken 

 on the forewing that the anterior portion is parallel with the median branches and the posterior part with the costal 

 margin. Underside almost as above, but without a line m the basal half. $ like the ^J, only with shorter and broader 

 wings. Larva at first yellowish, then vv'hite or greenish or bluish green, with black dots; the dorsal processes 

 in the later stages about as long as the distance between two dorsal processes of the same segment ; the processes 

 of the differeiat segments almost equal, bluish. Poljrphagous, chief food-plants: Ailanthus, Ilex, etc.; prefers 

 Syringa in Europe, but also takes Prunus, Pirus, Juglans, Laburnum, and other plants. The cocoon consists 



