RHODINIA. By Dr. K. Jordan. 213 



of an outer layer of loose silk and an iinier dense web. The silk, from which a very tough cloth is made, cannot 

 be reeled, but is carded and then spun. It is coarse and not valuable for export. — True cynthia Drury is cynthia. 

 confined to the Malayan districts. — On Palearctic territory two forms are found: pryeri Bntl. (3.3 a) inhabits pryeri. 

 Japan. The proximal band of the forewing more or less convex posteriorly, without long teeth on the me- 

 dian veins, the discal band twice deeply incurved, only faintly reddish *) outside the white line, at least the 

 red line is never sharply defined: on the hindwing the discal band is deeply incurved below the halfmoon. The 

 cocoon is grey or yellowish white. The larva (tscho-san) are found especially on Ilex rotunda, Ailanthus glan- 

 dulosa and Phellodendron amurense. — The specimens from North and Central China, walkeri Fldr., are dis- walkeri. 

 tinguished from pryeri by the discal band of both wings having a shai-per outer edge, aiid by the long median 

 teeth of the proximal band of the forewing. This form goes northward to Manchuria and Corea, and is much 

 kept domesticated for the sake of its silk, e. g. in the provinces of Shantung and Che-kiang. This form was 

 introduced into Europe m 1845 and has been domesticated in France with some success. — In the Northern 

 districts the species has only one brood, in the Southern countries several broods in a year. The second 

 .species of the genus, S. lunula Walk., is likewise easy to breed, and crosses between it and S. cynthia are also 

 known. 



4. Genus: MtluullnUt Stgr. 



Outer side of tibiae and tarsi rough-haired, spur of fore tibia in the o long with obtuse apex, in the ? 

 much shorter and thinner with pointed apex; segments of tarsi with apical spines, which are numerous in 

 fugax; pulvillus large. Antennae characteristic: the shaft higher than it is broad, ventrally with a sharp median 

 carina which has no minute hairs; in the (J the apex of the segments (with the exception of the proximal 

 ones) produced, all the segments long-quadripectinate, the branches of the median segments as long as four 

 segments, those of the distal segments gradually becoming shorter, all with long apical bristles; in the 9 also 

 quadripectinate, but the distal processes of the median segments at most as long as one segment, and the proxi- 

 mal ones not longer than two. Venation also peculiar: cell of both wings open, but usually indications of 

 the cross-vein present, ocelli represented by an oval, lunular or triangular vitreous spot wliich has a narrow 

 white and then a brown edge; forewing with four subcostal branches, 1 and 2 branching off far distally from 

 3, radials 1 and 2 stalked; in the hindwing the subcostal as well as the lower median originating distally 

 to the middle of the cell, the latter more distal than the first. — Larva almost naked, granulose. the six warts 

 of the prothorax separated, but the two dorsal ones close together, the dorsal warts of the metathorax the 

 largest, segment 11 with one dorsal wart instead of 2. Cocoon egg-shaped, but truncate at the upper end, and 

 attached to a leaf or slender twig on one side so that the cocoon appears stalked at one corner (pitcher- 

 like), dense, without outer loose silk. Pupa attached by the hooked bristles, which are placed close together, 

 to a loosely woven transverse wall, which stands close to the apex of the cocoon. The full-grown larva as well 

 as the pupa makes a loud cliii-ping noise when disturbed. Distributed from the Himalayas to Amurland and Japan. 



R. fugax. Vitreous spot round, ovate, or proximally almost straight and with a rounded outer edge. 

 Sexes very different. (J almost uniformly reddish brown with brownish black markings, or the ground- 

 colour partly light yellow, apex of forewing strongly produced, the outer margin deeply concave, all hnes irre- 

 gular. $ light yellow with brown lines, the distal one of which is placed near the ocellus and only slightly den- 

 tate. Larva on Phellodendron. Cocoon green. The species has been frequently bred in Europe during the 

 last years. Japan and Amurland. The moth in the autumn. — \ug&\Bittl. (34 c). The cJ more or less yellow iugax. 

 or light reddish brown above in the basal half of both wings. $ with very sparse brown dusting above and 

 below. Japan, especially on the Main Island. — diana Oberth. (34 c). (J more unicolorous and darker than fu- diana. 

 gax. $ with denser brown dusting above in the costal marginal half of the forewing and between the discal 

 lines of both wings, and below from the base to the yellow marginal area, than in the preceding form. Amur, 

 Ussuri, Suifun, Vladivostock, Askold. 



R. jankowski Oberth. (34 d). Much paler than the preceding species and more thinly scaled. The sexes jankowski. 

 almost alike. The vitreous spot proximally concave, lunular. Outer margin of forewing nearly straight also m 

 the ^. Body, base of wings and marguaal area of forewing yellow, through both wiiigs a non-dentate pale 

 line with an outer and inner dark brown edge ; rest of upper side blackish brown, median area slightly shaded 

 with reddish brown. Larva first grey, then green, with a row of small blue lateral spots. Cocoon brown. 

 On Phellodendron. — Amurland, in the same districts as R. fugax diana: the moth in the autumn. 



R. davidi Oberth. (34 d). Vitreous spot very narrow and long, with yellow edges. Body and wings davidi. 

 clay-colour, the margin of both wings light yellow, before the margin a zigzag line, the teeth of which are truncate 

 as in the allied species, proximally to this line, which is very thick on the hindwing, on the forewmg a row 

 of clay-coloured spots on a yellow ground, and on the hindwing a narrow yellow band. — West China, only in a 

 few collections. 



*) too red in our figure. 



