]',ihl. :':,. X. mil. CALIGULA. By l)v. K. Jordan. iM7 



Staudinger, in 1892 was quite uncertain about yamamni and pernyi and suggested the name var. constans 

 for the "moths bred in Europe and called Pernyi'\ which "vary very inconsiderably" and are "always light 

 ochreous brownish". As Staudinger did not know from where these moths originally came, and as his des- 

 cription applies just as well to pernyi as to roylei, the name constant is best treated as a synonym of pernyi. 



Hybrids of the Palearctic Antheraea. 



hybr. moorei Tutt = roylei ^ x pernyi $. moorei. 



hybr. kirbyi Tutt = pernyi ,^ x roylei $. kirhyi. 



hybr. yaminitdi ^^ x pernyi^, and pernyi (^ x yam<imai ^ are also known; the first subcostal branch 

 is thrown off either from the cell or directly after it. 



8. Genus: C^ali$i;illa Moore. 



Tongue absent. Palpi very small, not visible from above, united at the base, hairy and coloured like 

 the frons. Antennae of o quadripectinate to the apex, the branches of a segment almost equally long, with 

 the exception of the last 7 or 8, whose distal branches gradually become shorter, the branches of the middle 

 segments as long as 5 or 6 segments; in the $ bipectinate, but the distal branches also represented by more 

 or less distinct teeth, the branches of the median segments as long as one or two segments ; shaft in ^J and $ 

 below clothed with fine hairs and short bristles, wdthout the central naked stripe of Neoris, etc. Call of fore- 

 wing very strongly narrowed basally, the median vein being incurved, half as long as the wing, broader than 

 the cell of hindwing, three subcostal branches, the first well developed, the common stalk branching off from 

 the cell at almost the same level as the upper median; cross-vein incurved in both wings, almost in the 

 middle of the rather large ocellus. Spur of fore tibia of ^ and $ long and slender ; hairs and scales of tarsi smooth. 

 — Larvae, as far as known, with 6 rows of very low warts, which bear single long hairs, the warts of the 

 two dorsal rows in the first stages considerably larger than the lateral ones, which are very small; the 

 whole body moderately densely hairy, the dorsal hairs widened in spear-shape towards the tip and almost all 

 of equal length. Cocoon reticulate, brown. Pupa strongly granulate-rugate; cremaster truncate-emarginate, 

 the angles widened laterally, each with a bunch of short stiff bristles in a groove. 



The species occur in the Himalayan countries and Eastern Palearctic Asia. 



C. thibeta consists of two geographical forms. Yellowish grey, tinged with reddish; the antemedian 

 and discal lines tinged with brownish red, ocellus with black pupil, between ocellus and the broad submarginal 

 band of the hindwing three deeply wavy lines. More grey below than above, the ocellus of both wings nearly 

 alike, with small black pupil. — In true thibeta Westiv. (34a), from the North-Western Himalayas (Kumaon), thibeta. 

 the discal shadowy band of the upper side of the forewing is so curved that it nearly forms a right angle with 

 the costal margin ; both wings more uniformly ochreous and reddish than in the Indian extensa Butl. from 

 Sikkim and Assam, the forewing more stumpy, and the underside less grey. Larva on Pieris ovalifolia, like 

 the cocoon and the pupa not yet described. The moth in the autumn. 



C. boisduvali. Thorax above brownish wine-red, sometimes more yellowish, more rarely blackish red, 

 abdomen paler. Forewing with antemedian and discal line, which are close together from the cell to the hind 

 margin, being sometimes united on the submedian fold; the discal line double and waved from the ocellus 

 to the black apical dot ; the area enclosed by the two lil^es grey, moi'e or less reddish and continued at the 

 costal margin and in the cell to the base ; collar of the same colour, a band running from the apex to the hind 

 margin and strongly widened behind brown and festooned distally, another of the same colour on the hind- 

 wing; ocelli of both wings almost alike, brownish red with black outer ring, small black pupil, brownish grey 

 ring and thin white lunule. Underside paler, more unicolorous: the median area not contrasting, the wavy 

 double line almost parallel with the outer margin, on the forewing the brownish band outside it not much 

 broadened behind ; a reddish or brownish shadowy line runs through both wings, standing outside the ocellus 

 on the forewing and traversing the ocellus on the hindwing. Larva green, above and below with a black brown 

 lougitudiiTal stripe, the warts of both dorsal rows reddish yellow, full-grown without stripes (always?). On 

 v^arious deciduous trees. Cocoon reticulate. The moth in the autumn. From Lake Baikal to Japan in three 

 geographical forms. — boisduvali Ersch., from Kiachta, Urga and the Kentei Mts., southward of Lake Baikal, hoisduvali. 

 The median area of the upper side of the forewing whitish grey, the space between the ocellus and discal band 

 and the submarginal line on both wings also very light, strongly prominent; the upper side almost entirely 

 without a yellowish or reddish brown shade. Underside with much whitish grey, especially at the proximal 

 and distal sides of the ocelli, the wavy lines rather conspicuous on account of the light ground-colour, and the 

 submarginal line almost purely white. — faliax subsp. nov. (= jonasi Stgr. pt., boisduvali auct. pt.) (30d as fallax. 

 boisduvali). Upper- and underside of cJ with reddish brown tinge, especially on the upperside of the hindwing, 

 both sides much less grey than in the preceding form, the lines above as well as below less prominent. The $ 

 paler than the t^, more yellowish brown, especially at the margin. Distributed from Vladivostok, Askold, Us- 



II 28 



