ERIOGYNA. By Dr. K. Jordan. 221 



S. atlantica Luc. (= raarocana Aiist.) (31 b). Forewing narrower, the outer margin more concave, ailantica. 

 especially in the cJ; the di.scal double line of both wings much more deeply wavy above and below, the ocellus 

 with yellow ring; forewing beside the costal subapical spot with a second smaller spot in front of the lower 

 subcostal; below the subbasal line of the forewing is narrower than in pyri and stands somewhat distally 

 of the origin of the lower median. Larva black in the first stage, then green with black warts, and later with 

 yellow ones. Cocoon smaller than in pyri, paler. In the Tring-Museum there is a pair of marocana Aust. ex 

 coll. AusTAtTT which is labelled "tyiie". They are not different from ordinary specimens from Alger; these 

 marocana came from Tlemcen. ab. matheri Vail., which is not known to me in nature, was based on a single mafheri. 

 small dark specimen in which the grey is almost suppressed and the median area reddish; Djidjelli, Eastern 

 Algeria. — The Truig- Museum has a pair of numxAa Aust. (ex coll. Atj.stact, labelled "type") which is con- numula. 

 siderably different from atlantica. This form stands between pyri and atlantica; but the characters of atlantica 

 predominate. Larger and more broad-winged than all our 19 atlantica; the yellow ring of the ocellus brownish 

 yellow, much less bright than in atlantica, the discal lines less deeply wavy, the red apical spots small in the (^, 

 obsolete in the $. Nemours, Oran. According to Atjstattt and others pyri also occurs there; atlantica also is 

 found in Oran. I am therefore inclined to think that numida, is a hybrid. — S. atlantica- is now often bred in 

 the town of Algiers, and is sometimes found there at the electric street-lamps. Distributed from Oran to Tunisia. 



13. Genus: £ri4>g,-yiia gen. 



nov. 



Distinguished from Saturnia especially by the forewing having only two subcostal branches, and the ab- 

 domen of the $ being thickened at the apex and densely clothed with anal wool, with which the eggs are 

 covered. The last 10 segments of the antennae are produced ventrally at the apex, but have no distinct 

 sensory cones. Stalk of the two upper radial branches of the forewing short; costal vein of hindwing strongly 

 approaching the subcostal distally, sometimes united with it for a short distance, terminating in the costal 

 margin (as in E. pavonia). Pupa with irregular belt of spines at the cremaster (as in S. pyri); weirs of ori- 

 fice of cocoon similar to Saturnia. — Only one East- Asiatic species. 



E. pyretorum. White or greyish white; head and thorax, with the exception of the collar, and the bases 

 of the abdominal tergites black; anal wool of 9 black or grey. Wings wliite; on the forewing a large basal 

 spot, a non-interrupted transverse band outside it, a double, deeply zigzag, discal line and a submarginal 

 line with a white outer edge brownish black, the outer portion of the disc or the entire wing dusted with 

 blackish, two red spots at the apex. Hindwing with a band before the centre and two festooned lines on the 

 disc; distally of them a band with a white distal edge as on the forewing. Ocellus much larger on the forewing 

 than on the hindwing, black with a thin transparent stripe, narrow yellow ring and greyish blue semicircle. 

 Beneath nearly as above, the forewing darker on the whole. ? like the (J, \\dth broader wings. Larvae especially 

 on Liquidambar formosana and the Camphor-tree; striped blue and yellow. Cocoon ovate, hard and dense, 

 browai or grey, attached to a branch on one side, sometimes several spun together. The silk is silvery or brown- 

 ish grey, coarse and extraordinarily tough. Considerable quantities are obtained (the total being estimated 

 at 30 000 kilos of cocoons). But the species is more important in other directions, fishing Imes being made 

 of the silk-glands of the larvae. These lines are much sought after on account of their toughness. The production 

 is said to exceed 7000 kilos of line. The collecting of the larvae is a monopoly for which a rent is paid 

 to the government. E. pyretorum occurs from the Amur to Hainan, Tonkin and North India. In Hainan the 

 species is only found in the mountainous interior. According to Consular reports, in South-Eastern China 

 it is especially found in the province of Kwangtung, where it occurs chiefly on the Si-chiao-shan (= Mount 

 Si-chiao). The moth appears early in the year, in Tonkin already in January. — pyretorum Westw. (31 a), from pyretor 

 Amurland and North China, often has the ocellus of the hindwing reduced to a dot. The white subbasal 

 band of the forewing is as broad (or nearly) as the black band placed at its distal side, and is also distinct in the 

 cell; the white cellular area at the inside of the ocellus is broader transversely to the cell than in the direc- 

 tion of the veins, the white submarginal band of both wings about as broad as the brown marginal band; 

 median area of hindwing wliite. Anal wool of $ brownish black. — cognata subsp. nov. (31 a). The white cogtmta. 

 median area of forewing of J and $ strongly reduced, the hindwing less pure white than in the preceding 

 subspecies; the underside dusted with blackish, especially on the forewing. Kiang-si, East China, probably 

 also in the mountains of the neighbouring provinces of the Yang-tse-kiang district. Our specimens from April 

 and May, probably bred. — luctifera subsp. nov. (31 a), from W^estern China (Omi-shan). The darkest local luctifera. 

 form, with reddish tinge, especially on the hindwing of (J. The black colour of body deeper and more extended, 

 the white median area of both wings of ^ almost entirely superseded by black-brown dusting; in the (J and $ 

 the white marginal band narrower than the blackish brown margin ; at the ajiex of the hind^\'ing on the underside 

 a faint reddish spot. Anal wool of $ grey. 



mil. 



