222 



EUDIA. Bv I)r. K. Jordan. 



14. Genus: Wliulin gen. nov.*) 



Like Saturnia; but the shaft of the antennae with broad Ijare ventral stripe which bears no hairs 

 and only an occasional bristle, the distal segments beneath not produced at the tip; in the ^ the branches 

 of the antennae longer than in Saturnia. Fore tibia in both sexes without a spur, paronychium also absent, 

 the pulvillus very small and pale, claws slender and less curved than in Saturnia. The costal vein of hindwing 

 runs into the costal margin, and the subcostal into the apex. Larva without club-shaped hairs. Outer weir 

 of cocoon less dense and only as long as the inner (pavonia) or very imperfectly developed (spini). Abdomen 

 of pupa downcurved, more strongly wrmkled than in Saturnia, especially near the stigmata, the cremaster 

 blade-like, flattened, rounded when seen from above, on the blunt edge two irregular transverse rows of slightly 

 curved long spines, and on the dorsal sicle a number of shorter ones. — Name-tj'pie: jmvoma L. 



A reduced edition of Saturnia, more specialised in the characters mentioned than S. pyri and atlantica, 

 i. e. being younger in this respect. The anterior subcostal bi'anch sometimes verj- much reduced, but rarely 

 entirely absent. The genus is purely Palearctie. 



»pini. 



fiisca. 



continita. 



microph- 



thalmica. 



obsoleUt. 



ohlltescetts. 



sitbhyalitui. 



cephalariae. 



E. spini. Sexes very much alike. Ground-colour wliitish grey. Abdomen ringed with grey above, 

 beneath entirely black, brown or partly grey; mesothorax posteriorly with a whitish grey transverse band. 

 J.,ines of forewing similar to those of S. pyri, but their position different, especially the double discal line more 

 curved and less deeply wavy, on both ^vings more sharply defined above and below, nearly parallel with 

 the outer margin, which is rounded; the space between these lines and the antemedian line is always narrow- 

 er at the hindmargin of the forewing than the greyish black outer band ; the latter denticulate at the veins. Lai'va 

 black, when young with steely blue warts ; full-grown also black (spini) or for the most part green (cephalariae), with 

 yellow warts; hairs grey. Cocoon broader than in pavonia, the outer weir only indicated. Pupa more strongly 

 curved than in pavonia, the bristles on the cremaster on the whole stronger. From Austria to the Altai. — 

 spini ScJiiff. (= pavonia media Esp.) (31 b, c). Larva black in all stages. As a rule the antemedian line of 

 the forewing has a distinct if slight reddish tinge proximally, and the median area between the ocellus and 

 hindmargin more or less greyish white. The tooth before the apex of the claspers of the ^ is short and weak. 

 Russian specimens are on the whole darker than those from Austria-Hungary, the red at the apex of the fore- 

 wing is also often more strongly developed. Conspicuous aberrations from the average are rare. The entire 

 marginal area and the median area from the ocellus to ths hind margin are deep black-brown in ab. fusca 

 Schultz. Ill ab. continua Schulfz th? ocellus touches the Avavy line. Th° ocelli are more or less reduced in ab. 

 microphthalmica Schultz, and quite absent in ab. obsoleta Tittt; in ab. oblltescens Schultz on the other hand 

 there is only an inclination towards obsolescence. Weakly scaled spscimens are ab. subhyalina Schultz. The 

 area of distribution of E. spini spini embraces Austria-Hungaiy (north as far as Moravia and Galicia), 

 Bulgaria and Southern Russia. Whether the Asiatic specimens (Asia Minor, Southern Cuacasia) belong to tliis 

 or the next form is not known to me; they are probably intermediate. — cephalariae Eom. One pair of this 

 form is before me from Kasikoparan in Armenia (M. Korb) which agrees rather well with the figures given 

 by Romanoff. The differences from a series of European spini are very small and not nearly as constant 

 as might be expected from the conspicuously differently coloured caterpillar. The whitish grey of the median 

 area is strongly reduced and the wavy line on both wings is united before the hindmargin with the antemedian 

 line, which has no trace of red. The red apical spot of the forewing and the grej'-blue lunule of the ocelli are 

 more strongly developed than in most spini. The distal ventral tooth of the clasper of the (^ is longer and 

 broader than in true spi7ii and more strongly chitinised. Larva when full-grown similar to that of pavonia; green 

 with black segmental incisions and small black transverse lines; the orange-coloured warts stand in black 

 spots. On Cephalaria procera. Russian Armenia, Kasikoparan, 7000 feet. 



E. pavonia. Sexes different in colour. Forewing above brown with a reddish tinge, below like the 

 upper side of hindwing for the most part pale yellow; ocellus of forewing in a greyish white area. 9 very 

 like the preceding species; mesothorax (as also in the c^) posteriorly without a greyish white band, the 

 pectinations of the antennae shorter, the basal area of the forewing and the wide line outside it more 

 or less strongly angulate on the median vein, this line and the wavy double line further apart at the hind margin, 

 as the wavy line is less oblique than in spini, and the red spot below the apex of the forewing larger. Egg 

 whitish, deposited in clusters in ri*ng-shape on t\vigs. Larva first black inclusive of the warts, then black 

 with orange markings, and finally bright green \vdth very variable black markings and yellow or red warts; 

 sometimes the full-growTi larva is quite green, and rarely the last two stages are black. On Heather, Willow, Rose, 

 Sloe, Bilberry, etc., from May to August. Cocoon pear-shaped, brown, the inner and outer weirs of tiie orifice 

 equally long. Pupa curved. The moth at the end of April and May. The d' sometimes flies by day. Distri- 

 pavonia. buted from Portugal to Amurland, but not knowni from Corsica, Sardinia and North Africa. — pavonia 



*) Dia = Hebe, daughter of Saturnia (a by-iiamo of Hera). 



