224 



AGLIA. Bv Dr. K. Jord.^x. 



process, the proximal ones with several strong bristles at the apex; in the $ there is only a single triangular 

 tooth present, which bears at the apex a strong bristle (seldom 2) which is about as long as the segment, upper 

 side of shaft very slightly convex, clothed with dispersed long scales, similar scales also below, wliich how- 

 ver easily drop off. Thorax woolly. Spur of fore tibia clothed with hairlike scales, slender, in the (J about 

 half as long as the tibia, in the $ shorter. Hind tibia with a short spur basally of the apical pair, hidden 

 in the scaling and usually not noticed. Forcwing pointed, three subcostal branches, the first branching off 

 from the cell, the second going into the apex, radial 1 originating close to the subcostal stalk, by which Aglia 

 is distinguished from all other Palearctic Saturnids, radial 2 distant from 1, cross-vein directed obliqueh' 

 backward between the second and third radials, slightly angled, second median branch far beyond the centre; 

 costal margin and costal vein of hindwing almost straight, the latter ending in the apex, subcostal near the 

 first radial, somewhat more proximal than the second median branch, all near the apex of the cell, the cell 

 (as also in the forewing) somewhat club-shaped and only with apical and subapical vem-branches ; one inner 

 marginal vein. — Young larvae with two dorsal rows of warts, which are long and thorn-like on the pro- and 

 mesothorax, on segment 11 only one such horn, anal segment with a median thorn at the tip: laterally and 

 dorsally numerous granules bearing small hairs; in the later stages the warts completely obsolescent, but the 

 segments swollen at the corresponding places. Cremaster of pupa sharp transversely, with curved bristles. 

 Cocoon loose, between leaves and moss or below the surface. One purely Palearctic species. 



tati. 



ferenigra. 

 melaina. 



weismanni. 



cupreola. 



Cerberus. 



subcaeca. 



caecata. 



ferecaeca. 



uniformis. 



decaeru- 



leaia. 



oblongo- 



maculata. 



flexilis. 



conflucns. 



decolor. 



roseotincta. 



quadrangu- 



laris. 



amurensis. 



japomca, 



A. tau. (J ochreous, with black discal line which is about parallel to the margin; ocellus black dusted 

 with blue, with white T-shaped pupil, on the forewing smaller below than above, and on the hindwang below 

 only the T-spot present. Beneath an apical spot on both wings and the basal area of hindwing grey, a brown 

 median band diffuse distally and vertical to the abdominal edge. $ paler than the ^. Larva green %vith 

 light lateral stripes directed obliquely up- and backward, below the stigmata a light longitudinal Ime with a 

 reddish edge, the line widened on segment i to form a black-centred spot. On deciduous trees, especially 

 Beech, Oak, Birch, etc. Pupa hibernates. Moth from March to June according to the locality, in the North 

 later than in the South; the (^^ fly by day and are very restless, the ?? remain on tree-trunks and on the 

 ground. In the Central and Southern districts of Northern Europe, eastward to Japan; not in England and 

 the Mediterranean countries. — tau L. (35 a. b). 3" bright yellow, 9 pale yellow, upperside without distinct 

 grey apical mark. From the west coast of France to Transbaicalia. Varies considerably. The interesting 

 forms which more or less follow Mexdel's law are: f. ferenigra Th. Mieg (= lugens Standf., feranigra Kirby) 

 (35a, b); wings black with the exception of the median area; f. melaina Gross (= melaena Spul.), entirely 

 black (^) and black-brown (?). withoiit yellow, but beneath the apical spot of both wings and the basal half 

 of the hindwing light brown. The cross between melainu ^ x ferenigra '^ is f. weismanni <S7«?ifZ/. (= weissmanni 

 Schultz, Oberth.), which, especially beneath, is still blacker than melmnu. The offspring of the cross tau ^ 

 X melaina $ are f. cupreola Werner, the ,^(J of which are somewhat paler than melaina, while the $$ are copper- 

 red in colour. The following individual aberrations are of lesser interest. Specimens in which the hindwing 

 is black from the margin to the ocellus are ab. cerberus Schultz; ab. subcaeca Strand, ocellus without A\hite 

 pupil; ab. caecata Schultz, ocellus normal in the forewing, diffuse in the hindwing; in ab. ferecaeca Oberth. the 

 ocelli are reduced to black dots, the black discal line well developed. In ab. uniformis Oberth. the black 

 of the ocelli is absent, the white pupil is jjresent. the discal line absent. The blue of the ocelli is absent 

 in ab. decaeruleata Schultz. In ab. oblongomaculata Schultz the ocelli are oblong. In ab. flexilis Schultz the 

 black discal line of the hindwing is connected with the anterior edge of the ocellus by a curved stripe. 

 In ab. confluens Schultz the black surrounding the ocellus of the hindwing merges together with the black 

 discal line. Especially pale coloureil specimens are ab. decolor Schultz. The $ is sometimes partly rose-red; 

 ab. roseotincta Schultz. In ab. quadrangularis Schultz the white spot on the underside of the hindwing is square. 

 Some specimens in which only one side is abnormal have likewise received names. One wing without ocellus 

 (ab. privata Schultz) ; one forewing with small black spot having a white centre and placed in front of the 

 ocellus (ab. locuples Schultz). ^i. loc. amurensis nov. The three specimens before me (^^) from Amurland resemble 

 f. ferenigra. The forewing is broader, somewhat less produced at the apex; from the base to the ocellus, 

 at the hind margin and outside the discal line more or less denseh' scaled with black, the costal mai-gin how- 

 ever much less black than the basal area, moreover the yellow colour in the marginal area remaining distinct 

 The hindwing either entirely black with traces of the yellow ground-colour or only more or less densely 

 dusted with black; the marginal area, apart from the broadening of the black line, does not contrast with the 

 disc. On the underside the basal area of the forewing and the hind margin deeper black than in f. ferenigra, 

 but the costal margin remains yellow, the basal area also yellow with black dusting. The hindwing in the darkest 

 specimen almost as in f. ferenigra, in the lightest one scarcely darker than in ordinary tau. Specimens which 

 are not distinguishable from European tow also occur in Amurland. — japonica Leech (35 a). In both sexes 

 the ocellus of the forewing smaller and that of the hiiadwing larger than in tau, q more reddish brown-yellow 



