236 SPHINX. By Dr. K. Jordan. 



panese Lepidoptera bought l)y us in Loudon wt- found a o "f ^'i'^ specie.s which differs considerably from 

 vwrio. all other q j : morio R. db J. (3fi d). Snudl, the light abdominal spots reduced, upper side of thorax, of ab- 

 domen and wings as well as tlie pal])i darker than in typical pinashi ; the subcostal and upper radial of hind- 

 wing on a quite short stalk. The upper process of harpe flat, not rolled up cylindrically as in typical pinastri, 

 the apical process of the .sheath of the duct pointed and almost hooked. A J from Japan, without definite 

 pinastri. locality. — pinastri L. (36 d). The white and black abdominal spots as a rule sharply prominent. Middle of 

 thorax and abdomen grey, the latter with a thin black median line. The forewing bears two transverse bands, 

 discal longitudinal streaks and an apical streak. But the markings and general colouring vary considerably. 

 fasciaUi. In ab. fasciata Lampa tlie two bands of the forewing are broad, separated, and the longitudinal streaks are ab- 

 typica- sent. In ab. typica-virgata Tutt (= albicans Aust.) the ground-colour is light grey to greyish white, the longi- 

 "^'^'^ te' t"'^i"'',l streaks are present and the two bands merged together to form a single one. ab. virgata Tutt 

 brunnea. differs from it in the absence of the longitudinal streaks. In ab. brunnea Spul. the ground-colour of the body 

 fulvjinosa. and wings is deep brown, but the light lateral spots of the abdomen remain Avell developed, ab. fuliginosa 

 Lamb, like brunnea, abdomen without white spots, the middle discal longitudinal stripe of the forewing encloses 

 an elongate spot of the ground-colour in the centre. Uniformly brown specimens almost without markings 

 unicolor. are ab. unicolor Tiilt (.'?6b). Grey specimens without bands on the forewing, but with dark central spot 

 gr'wea-me- are ab. grisea-medioputicta Tutt. Beside these Tutt also named two intermediate forms (ab. grisea-transversa 

 diopuncta. g^j^^ g^^, grisea-distincta Tutt). — Egg 2 mm long, light green, deposited on the needles of the food-plant singly 

 or in small clusters. Young larva pale green, with dark head, the following stages green (more rarely i)ro\vii), 

 \^■ith brown and red, sometimes yellow, longitudinal stripes, without oblique bands; sides of head, the horn 

 and anal segment granulose. From June until the autumn, sometimes occurs in rather large numbers so that 

 the species is placed among the insects injurious to forests, but it is never found in such masses as, for 

 instance, Lymantria momtcha. Pupa in moss or in the ground near the tree-trunk; less glossy than that of 

 Zt(/iiA'<r», and more wrinkled; tongue-case short, as in /igrMs^rj'lying on the breast. Sometimes hibernates twice. 

 The moth from the spring into the summer, by day on the trunks of firs, usually only one or a few yards above 

 the ground, at dusk it begins to fly and to visit flowers, especially frequenting Lonicera and Saponaria. 



S. caligineus, from Japan and China, is usually (but erroneously) regarded as an Eastern form of pi- 

 nastri. Smaller than pinastri, uniformly grey, abdomen with dark grey lateral spots, forewing with an often 

 absent line across the apex of the cell. Tibia? with fewer spines than in pinastri, the longer of the two apical 

 spurs of the hind tibiae less than half as long as the first segment of the tarsus, while this spur of pinastri is at least 

 equal to two-thirds the length of this segment. The two apical processes of the harpe of ^ shorter than in pinastri. 

 calujinem. The anal sternite not completely divided as in pinastri. Earlier stages not known, Japan and China. — cali- 

 gineus Butl. (— caliginosus Kirby, err. iyyt.) (36 d). Dark grey; patagia with dark edge. Longitudinal stripe 

 on disc of forewing distinct, Japan, on the North, Main and South Islands, in July and August, common. 

 s'micw. — sinicus R. d> ./. Paler grey, more like pinastri. The dark edge of the patagia and the longitudinal stripe 

 of forewing slight, or the latter entirely absent. Scaling of antennae white, subcostal and upper radial of hind- 

 wing on a shorter stalk than in typical caligineus. The genitalia also distinctly different from those of the Japa- 

 nese subspecies. China: Shanghai and Zoce, 



ohcrlhucri. S. oberthueri R. <£■ J. (36 d). Lateral spots of abdomen white, narrow. Wings much narrower than 



in the preceding sjM'cies; the fringes as in pinastri with very distinct white spots. Otherwise not essentially 

 different in markings and colour from pinastri and caligineus. Tibia almost without spines, spurs short, the 

 longer apical spur of the hind tibia only one-third as long as the first segment of the tarsus. Harpe of (J with 

 two short apical processes, which are separated by a round sinus, the upper process with one or more teeth, the 

 lower one thinner, almost conical and slightly curved. Only ,^(^ known, — Tse-kou, West China, in coll, Charles 

 Oberthur and the Tring Museum. 



crassistrir/a. S. crassistriga R. d' J. (42 f). Edge of patagia broadly black, abdomen with black dorsal line and 



black lateral spots. Forewing grey brown, with black-brown markings, viz., two transverse lines which cross 

 the apex of the cell and extend to the hind margin of the wing, several faint discal lines which, although running 

 from the costal to the hind margin, are only distinct posteriorly, on the disc three longitudinal stripes, the 

 upper one of which is short and faint, the second long and broad, and the third somewhat shorter and also 

 broad. Fringes of both wings spotted with white. Hindwing dark brown. Only one $ known, from Japan, 

 probably from the Main Island; ex. coll. Leech, in the British Museum. The vaginal orifice proximal as in 

 ligustri. The specimen resembles the species of Kentrochrysalis and also recalls Psilogramma menephron incretu. 



C. Tribe: Sphingulicae. 



In contraili.slimtion to the |)i'i"(oiliiig forms flie end-segiuc-nt of the antennae in th(^ followintc ijenera of Acherotiliinae 

 is always short. The tongue at most attains lialf (lie length of the body, antl is often weak and funitionles.s. The s|Mnes of the 

 abdomen are always \vi;ak and are iLsuall\- entirely absent on the underside, I'lipa without free tongue-case; larva granulose. 

 — We here unite a nvunber of reduced forms which a.s larva, i)U})a and moth in many respects resenible the following sub- 

 family. The si)ecies ari' all iVsiatic or Australian. 



*) The collection also contained the afore-mentioned (iJ. ISO) two Jliyanotun scribuc. 



