PHbUshe:! r,. XII. mt. MARUMBA. By Dr. K. Jordan. 241 



Distal edge of forewiug dentate, apex of hindwing rounded; valve of <^ separated by a distal incision into a 

 dorsal and a ventral lobe as in Polypfi/chus trilineatus. 



The species, although differing in the tone of colour, have nearly the same markings. Forewing with a 

 number of usually thin transverse lines of which the 3 or 4 antemedian ones converge posteriorly; in front of 

 the hind angle a dark double spot at whose proximal and costal sides the distal transverse lines foi'm a deep 

 curve; hindwing almost unicolorous, with a double or a simple spot at the anal angle. 



Asia and Europe, eastward to the Moluccas. 15 species. 



M. gaschkewitschi. Hindwing above red, likewise the proximal area of the forewing beneath. The 

 granulated caterpillar yellowish green, with 7 thin white oblique lateral stripes, between which there are red 

 spots; horn lang and straight. On Prunus, Pirus, Crataegus. Japan, Amurland and China. The moth in May, 

 June and July. Comes to the light, as do the other species. — carstanjeni Stgr. (37 d). A small and pale form, cansUinjeni. 

 which has often a yellowish tint: fringes sharply spotted. Amurland, not rare: Ussuri, Vladivostok, Blago- 

 veshtchensk, etc. — gaschkewitschi Brem. <l- Grey (37 d). Forewing more or less shaded with grey; hindwing (jaachke- 

 light red, with a grey spot in front of the anal angle; fringes very distinctly spotted with white. North China : "'*'"*''''^* 

 Peking, Shantung. — complacens Walk. A dark form with indistinct fringe spots; underside of the body and complacens. 

 hindwing more extended red than in the preceding subspecies. East, Central and West China. — eche- echephroti. 

 phron Bdv. (=roseip8nnis Bull., heynei Aust., maasseni Stgr.) (37 e). Similar to complacens, but less extended 

 red beneath and the fringes usually more distinctly spotted. Japan: on the North, Central and South Islands. 



— The various sidjspecies are slightly different in the vaginal sclerite of the $$. 



M. cristata Bull. (42 e). Dark brown. Body with a sharply defined blackish median line; forewing cristata. 

 evenly coloured, the lines simple ; forewing with a whitish discocellular dot ; hindwing with a simple anal spot 

 instead of a double one. — West China and North India. 



M, dyras. The commonest species in India; distributed as far as Java and the Philippines. Pale 

 brown; median line of body thin and not prominent; forewing above with paler and darker tints, not so 

 evenly brown as in cristata, the external line double, the inner one of this pair being thinner than the outer one; 

 the triangular marginal area bounded by this line darker brown on the underside. The species is somewhat 

 variable and has received numerous names. — On Palearctic territory (North- West India) dyras Walk. (= si- dyras. 

 nensis Butl.) (42 e, misprinted dryas) occurs, in which the triangular marginal area of the forewing beneath is 

 darker than in the Malayan javanica Bwtl. Larva green, later on bluish green, covered with white pointed 

 granules; on the sides 6 oblique bands; head conical; horn rough with granules, straight. On Sterculariaceae. 



M. maacki Brem. (37 e). Easily recognised by the pale yellow colour of the costal and distal marghis maacki. 

 of the upperside of the hindwing. The double anal spot of the hindwing large. Larva on Tilia cordata, green. 

 Moth in June and July ; early .specimens in the autumn. — Amurland: Chabarofka, Vladivostok, Ussuri, etc. 



M. jankowskii Oberth. (37 e). Similar to maacki, but the costal and distal margins of the hindwing jankowskii. 

 of the same dark colour as the disc. Larva green, more rarely cinnamon, with red lateral oblique stripes which 

 are interrupted at the incisions and at the posterior side of each of which there is a row of pale granules ; head 

 almost smooth in front. On Tilia cordata; found rather commonly by Graeser at Vladivostok in August. — 

 Amurland and Manchuria: Askold, Vladivostok, Ussuri, etc. 



M. sperchius. Resembling dyras in the tint of colour, but on the upperside of the forewing the outer 

 line of the submarginal double line weak and the inner one well expressed, the two lines being inversely devel- 

 oped as compared with dyras ; moreover, the marginal area of the forewing beneath is not deeper brown than 

 the rest of the wing. Antennae thicker than in dyras. Larva green, with oblique lateral lines of pale granules; 

 head granulose. On Castanea. Japan to North India, Liu-Kiu Islands. The moth from June to August. 



— sperchius Men. (= piceipennis Butl., michaelis Oberth.) (38 a). Dark clay-colour, sometimes paler. Japan, sperchius. 

 Amurland, Manchuria, Liu-Kiu Islands; common in Japan. — albicans Butl. is a whitish race from North- albicans. 

 West India, which extends there probably into the Palearctic Region. — A third subspecies (gigas Butl.) 

 occurs in the mountains of Assam. 



M. quercus Schiff. (3S a). Palpi small also in the (J. Antennae similar to those of M. sperchius, being quercus. 

 thick and long. Pale ochreous. the hindwing above more deeply coloured than the forewing. Similar in structure 

 to sperchiics, which quercus undoubtedly represents in Europe, although Tutt placed the two insects into two 

 different genera. In ab. brunnescens Rebel the forewing is light brown instead of ochreous. Egg oval, green, brunnescens. 

 Larva green, with yellowish granules : from segment 3 to 1 1 seven alternately broader and narrower yellowish 

 oblique lateral stripes; horn bluish; head tapering above, divided into 2 obtuse points, light green, edged 

 with yellow. On shrubs and young trees of oak. Pupa rugate, frontal tubercles distinct; cremaster rough, with 

 two points. The moth from May until August; comes to the light. — Distributed from Lower Austria to Malaga 

 (Rambuk) and eastward to Transcaucasia and Mesopotamia. Formerly also recorded from Bavaria, but the 

 specimens found were perhaps escaped from breeding cages. 



n 31 



