CALLAMBULYX. By Dr. K. Jordan. 243 



rough scaling and hair, mucli smaller in the $ than in the cJ, the joint between segments 1 and 2 covered 

 by the scaling, not being visible from outside as a naked spot. Tlie spines of the abdomen restricted to the 

 edges of the segments, not numerous, feebly chitinised, partly modified to scales, no spines on the surface 

 of the segments, the underscales large. Tibiae with spmes; fore tibia without apical thorn, the spur long, al- 

 most extending to the apex of the tibia: hind tibia with 2 pairs of spurs; pulvillus and paronychium as well 

 as the frenulum present. Forewing with lobate distal margin, recalling Cypa; the discocellulars of the hind- 

 wing not or only feebly incurved, and radial 2 (vein 5) in front of the centre of the cell. — Larva anteriorly 

 tapering, finely granulose, the granules enlarged at the oblique side-stripes; head strongly narrowing above, 

 only laterally with some granules. On deciduous trees. Pupa without gloss, densely rugate; tongue-case longer 

 than the cases of antennae and legs, therefore reaching to the wing-cases; cremaster rough with coarse granules. 

 Pupation in the ground near the tree-trunk, sometimes in the crevices of the bark. — One species, which 

 is found from West Europe to Japan. 



M. tiliae. Varies from greenish grey to dark brown. Forewing above -with a broad dark green or brown 

 median band, the marginal area being shaded with the same colour distally of a pale discal line; hindwing 

 with an ill-defined dark discal band, which terminates with a dark transverse spot at the anal angle. Egg 

 green, deposited singly on the leaves of Lime, Alder, Birch, Elm, Oak and other deciduous trees, on which 

 the larva feeds. The latter green, above yellowish or brownish, with 7 yellow oblique side-stripes anteriorly 

 bounded with red; head smaller than in ;S'. ocellata and A. populi; horn long, granulose, bluish or green; anal 

 tergite with a large brown or reddish median spot, and two large and several small tubercles; sometimes 

 the side-stripes not well developed, there being occasionally also black lateral spots with pale centre; the red 

 stripes sometimes separated into spots. The tongue-case of the pupa longer than in Smerinthus and Amorpha. 

 The pupa is now and again found several yards above the ground in the deep crevices of old trees on which 

 the larva has been feeding. The moths from April till July, early specimens sometimes in the autumn; in 

 daytime the moth rests on tree-ti-unks and fences and bears in this position a remarkably close similarity to a 

 withering or not yet fully developed leaf. — tiliae L. (38 c) occurs from England, Southern Scandinavia and tUiae. 

 Northern Russia to the Mediterranean and eastward to Western Siberia and Transcaucasia; not known from 

 North Africa, Ireland and Scotland. As the moth varies considerably, it has received an enormous number 

 of aberrational names. The name-typical form, according to Linnaeus's description in Fauna Suecica 

 and M u s. L u d. U 1 r., has the median band interrupted. According to Tutt (Brit. Lep. III. p. 404, foot- 

 note) the type is described as ,,fasciatis", from which he concludes that Linnaeus's original specimen had 

 a complete band. The description m S y s t. Nat. (ed. 10), however, says: ,,griseo fasciatis", which cannot 

 possibly refer to the dark band. The following aberrations have been based on differences in the develop- 

 ment of the band: — ab. transversa Tutt*), band of forewing not interrupted; ab. tiliae vera (38c), band transversa. 

 broad, narrowly interrupt ?d: ab. bipuncta Clark, both parts of the interrupted band more or less reduced; ab. blpimcfa. 

 costipuncta Clark, the costal spot large, the posterior spot absent: ab. centripuncta Clark (= ulmi Bartel) coslipmida. 

 (38 c), the anterior portion of the band reduced to a small spot which is distant from the costal margin, the inner- <'^'"P""^'°- 

 marginal spot absent: ab. marginepuncta Tittt. the anterior spot absent, the posterior one present; ab. obsoleta margine- 

 Clark (= immaculata Bartel, exstuicta Stgr.) (38 c), entirely without band; ab. pechmanni Hartm.. the dark ^'^"^^'"^; 

 green colour occupies almost the whole forewing, hindwing reddish yellow. According to the tone of colour pechmanni. 

 the following additional forms have been distinguished: ab. brunnea Bartel (= brunnescens Stgr.. tilioides hnmnca. 

 Holle) (38c), ground-colour red-brown, without green; ab. lutescens Tutt, ground-colour yellow: ab. pallida 

 Tutt, ground-colour grey, without green; ab. virescens Tutt, ground-colour entirely green; ab. suffusa Clark, .^uf/a.-ia. 

 forewing grey -green, hindwing almost black. The above described modifications in the band being repeated 

 in the specimens which differ in tlie ground-colour, Tutt employed double names (ab. brunnea-costipuncta, etc.). 

 — christophi Stgr. (38 d), from Amurland and Japan, differs so little from tiliae in structure that I consider christophi. 

 its claim to specific rank not to be justified. The tibial spurs are a trifle shorter than in tiliae, and the anal 

 segment of the ^ a very little narrower. The colour is always dark, never green, and the shadowy band of 

 the hindwing stands somewhat nearer the margin. The brown median band varies in a sunilar way as in tiliae. 

 A specimen which corresponds to ab. centripuncta of tiliae has been named ab. alni by Bartel. Larva on Alnus. ahil. 

 whitisli green, so similar to that of tiliae that we cannot find any difference between inflated specimens of the 

 two subspecies. 



20. Genus: Callaiiibiil.y.v /?. d- J. 



Tlie species of this genus have been described as Amhuly.r and Snieriuthus; but they are a well defined 

 group which differs in many points from the similarly coloured species of Smerinthus and from Compsogene 

 and 0.vyambuly.v which have a similar wing-shape (and were formerly placed under Ambulyx). — End-seg- 

 ment of antenna? short, not long filiform as in Compsogene and 0.vyambulyx; lateral grooves of antenna 

 deep in the ,S and the cilia long, both less developed in the $. Tibia? without spines, fore tibia without 

 apical thorn; spur of fore tibia only reaching to the middle; spurs of mid and hind tibiae short, the latter with 

 2 pairs, the inner apical spur being half as long again as the tibia is broad; pulvillus and paronychium present, 



*) TaTT calls the different specimens belonging here paUida-transvcrsa, hrunnea-iransversa, etc. 



