244 SMERINTHUS. By Br. K. Jordax. 



the latter with 2 lobes. Forewing entire. Valve of (J without patch of modified scales on the outer surface. 

 — Early stages, as far as known, similar to those of S. ocelluta. — Distributed from Japan and Amurland to 

 North India and eastward to Java and Borneo. The delicately green and red moths are among the finest 

 Sphingidae. 4 species, of which 1 is Palearctic. while a second occurs in North-West India near the southern 

 boundary of our Region. Presumably some of the species of the Himalayas will yet be discovered in China. 



latarinmi. 0. tatarinovi Brem. d- G-rey (38 b). Green, the posterior part of the patagia and the sides of the 



metanotum pale; abdomen with dark median line, the apex of the cell of the forewing crossed by a pale line 

 which runs along the lower median towards the hind angle; at the apex of the wing an oblique line. Hindwing 

 and basal area of forewing red. Larva on Elm, green, with 7 red-edged white oblique side-stripes: head narrow- 

 evers- ing above. The moth appears in a green form and a brown one; the latter is ab. everstnanni Eversm. 

 manm. (= \)T\xm\en Stgr.). which was originally described from Kiachta, but also occurs in Japan. — Japan, Amurland. 

 Transbaicalia, North China; May until July. 



21. Genus : Knieriiitliiis Lafr. 



For the iise of the names Smerinthus and Sphinx cf. p. 235. 



A still further modified branch of the preceding genus, with which Smerinthv.s has the general colour- 

 ing and scheme of markings in common and from which the species belonging here chiefly differ in the ab- 

 sence of the proximal pair of hindtibial spurs and the retinaculum and in the reduction of the frenulum. The 

 segments of the antenna of the o are distinctly widened above the side-grooves, being even strongly pectinate 

 in one of the American species {junuiicensis = geminatus). The abdomen has above no broad scales, but only 

 narrow, generally pointed, spiniform scales. Pulvillus and paronychium present. The tibiae are not spinose, 

 but the fore tibia is produced into an apical thorn in some species. Distal margin of forewing dentate. The 

 valve of the o without patch of friction-scales on the upperside; the harpe simple, not divided; the penis- 

 sheath with one or two teeth directed sideways. — Larva very slightly tapering frontad, with conical head, 

 with the exception of the first stage; anal tergite without larger tubercles. Pupa glossj^; tongue-case not 

 extending to the wing-cases. • — The genus is confined to the northern temperate districts of both Hemispheres, 

 reaching in Africa southward to the Sahara, in Asia to Kandahar (Southern Afghanistan) and the Yang-tse- 

 kiang, and in America to Mexico. The 6 species, some of which consist of several geographical races, have 

 been dispersed during the last 40 years over the genera Smerinthus Latr., Eusmerinthus Grote, Copismerinthus 

 Grote, Daddia Tutt, Bellia Tutt, and Nicholsonia Tutt. In this classification Nicholsonia has been erected 

 for a geographical race of cerisyi, which presumably was only possible because Tutt did not attempt to char- 

 acterise his genera. 



Three of the species [kindermanni, ocellata, and cerisyi) are distinguished by the fore tibia ending in a 

 thorn, which is absent from the other three {planus, caecus and jamnicensis.) But as planus, apart from this 

 thorn, is very close to ocellata, the two species presumabl}- having been originally the western and the eastern 

 subspecies of one species, it would be erroneous in the present case to regard the presence of the thorn as being 

 of generic value. 



S. kindermanni. Fore tibia with apical thorn. Antenna of o distinctly dentate. The pulvillus smaller 



than in ocellata. Hindwing without complete ocellus, which is replaced by 2 or 3 black transverse bars which 



lander- are edged with grey or yellowish. From Asia Minor to Eastern Turkestan and Southern Afghanistan. — kinder- 



"""""• manni Led. (38 d) is the most western form, in which the dark markings of the forewing are reddish brown. 



this subspecies being more brightly coloured than the following ones. Taurus in Cilicia to Transcaucasia, ori- 



orhala. ginally described from Kurdestan. — orbata Gr.-Grsh. Paler than the preceding. Init the markings of the 



oImoIcIk. forewing still very distinct. Transcaspia, Turkestan and North Afghanistan. — obsoleta .S7^r. Above and beneath 



paler than the lightest orbata, the pale transverse lines of the forewing purer whitish, the dark lines partly 



rather indistinct or diffuse; the anal spot of the hindwing less sharply defined. East Turkestan, Chitral and 



Kandahar. Larva on Salix, green witli yellow side-stripes; horn blue with green tip. 



caecus. S. caecus Men. (38 d). Fore tibia without thorn. Antennae as in kindermanni. The reddish brown 



antemedian transverse band of the forewing moderately curved, not sharply angulate as in kindermanni, ocellata 

 and plamis. The blue ring in the anal spot of the hindwing incomplete, consisting of two separate spots. Larva 

 not described, ,, similar to the ore?/r//a-larva"; on Salix. Amur district: from Transbaicalia toAskold and North 

 China, not known from Japan; the moth in May and June. 



S. ocellata. Fore tibia with thorn. The blue ring in the ocellus of the hindwing complete. Larva 

 on Salix, also frequently on fruit-trees, especially Apple, more rarely on Poplar and other deciduous trees. 

 The young larva light green, with feeble pale oblique stripes and on the thorax a pale subdorsal longitudinal 

 line, head round, horn red. Later the stripes more prominent and the head conical; horn usually blue; the 

 sides of the body often with red spots. Pupa stouter than in Mimas tiliae, differing from it in the shorter 

 tongue-case, which does not reach the wing-cases; distinguished from the pupa of Amorpha populi particu- 



