AMORPHA. By Dr. K. Jordan. 245 



larly by the much stronger gloss; it hibernates (sometimes twice), but single early specimens appear already 

 in the autumn. The moth emerges from the chrysalis early in the morning and flies late at night, usually after 

 midnight; end of April till Jul3^ in Central Europe most plentiful in June. — ocellata L. (= salicis Hhn.) oceUata. 

 is the European form, distributed from Ireland and Scotland (wiiere it is rare) to the Mediterranean sea and 

 eastward to Transcaucasia, Western Siberia and Asia Minor. The individual variability is not very considerable. 

 In ab. rosea Bartel the ground-colour of the fore wing yellowish brown, and the hindwing more extended and msw/. 

 brighter rosy; ab. pallida Tutt has the ground of the forewing pale grey, the hindwing only being red distally; paUidti. 

 wheres in ab. albescens Tutt the ground of both wings is white. The ocellus is normal in these forms, but alhenrenx. 

 replaced by a black (triangular) spot in ab. caeca Tutt. Besides these individual aberrations we have to mention raeca. 

 ab. cinerascens Stgr. which was based by its author on a small <^ from Naryn (between the rivers Volga and dnerascens. 

 Ural) and with some doubt considered a local form or rather a desert-form. As the specimens from the Caucasus 

 and Ural Mts. are normal, the type of cinerascens is presumably on abnormal individual. It is pale, the mark- 

 ings of the forewing are less distinct, and the ocellus of the hindwing is for the greater part filled up by the 

 blue ring. — atlanticus Aitst. (38 e) is a large race from North Africa. Early specimens (i. e. those which emerge nthmticus. 

 the same 3'ear) are somewhat paler than spring specimens; these are ab. aestivalis Aust. Algeria and Morocco; aestivalis. 

 will probably also be found in Tunis. 



S. planus Walk. {= argus Men.) (38 e). Markings and colouring as in ocellata, but the ocellus on the iilfuius. 

 whole larger. Fore tibia w i t h o u t end-thorn, which characteristic has been overlooked by all the authors 

 who have written about the relation of ocellata. to planus. Antennae distinctly thicker than in specimens of 

 ocellata of the same size. Larva more often on Populus than Salix, pale green with white or yellowish oblique 

 stripes. The moth in July and August. — From Transbaicalia to Japan and southward to the Yang-tse-kiang. 



22. Genus: Aiiiorplia Kirhy. 



Differs from Smerinthus especially in the broad hindwing, which is sinuate between the subcostal and 

 costal veins and produced into a lobe at the subcostal and upper radial. The fore tibia has no apical thorn. 

 The antenna of the ^ is less distinctly dentate as in the c^ of 8. ocellata. Frenulum and retinaculum are 

 entirely (or nearly) atrophied. Hindwing without ocellus; anal angle strongly rounded. Harpe of (^ bipartite 

 at the apex. — Larva as in Smerinthus, but without distinct longitudinal lines on the thorax. Pupa without 

 gloss. — Only in the Palearctic Region. 



A. populi. Grey to pale red-brown; hindwing with a large rust-brown patch which covers the base 

 and the greater portion of the hindmarginal area; in the outer half of both wings two parallel lines composed 

 of dark lunules; forewing, moreover, with light discocellular spot and in the proximal half with 2 nearly straight 

 transverse lines, the median area bounded by lines 2 and 3 being anteriorly wider than behind and darkened 

 as a rule. Egg somewhat more globose than in S. ocellata, pale green. The young caterpillar with a green horn 

 in contradistinction to S. ocellata. The full-fed larva usually yellowish green, sometimes yellow or green; the 

 oblique stripes yellowish, rarely absent: the horn green. On Populus and Salix, more rarely on other deciduous 

 trees (Fraxinus, Betula. etc.). Pupation mostly on the ground; pupa without gloss, somewhat stouter than 

 that of 8. ocellata. The moth usually emerges at night and flies at dusk. Time of appearance May to July; 

 often a second brood is found, a portion of the caterpillars of which feed still in the autumn when the leaves are 

 already falling, but in spite of the frost frequently are full-fed and pupate. The moths emerge from these latter 

 pupae the next spring. The specimens which emerge in the summer are on the whole more yellowish than the 

 spring examples and their wings are less lobate. The species is found throughout the western portion of the 

 Palearctic Region, with the exception of the higher North, and extends eastward to the Altai. — austauti 8tgr. imsiaiiti. 

 (= poiipillieri Bellier) (38 a) is the North-African form, which is especially distinguished from the two other 

 local races by its larger size. The antennae are somewhat more prismatical and the two apical lobes of the harpe 

 (cJ) slightly more pointed than in populi. Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. This subspecies varies in a similar 

 way as European populi. In ab. staudingeri Aust. (= flava Bartel) the ground-colour is dull j'ellowish grey, .•i/iiiidiinjcri. 

 and the lines are much feebler than in the normal form; such specimens occur among the summer brood. A 

 second form of the same brood is ab. mirabilis Aust., which has the markings well developed, but the wings mirabilis. 

 and body (with the exception of the whitish antennae) of a reddish tone. Among the spring-specimens also occur red- 

 ish grey examples, which are ab. incarnata Aust. — populi L. (38 e). As the ground-colour varies from whitish incanuilu. 

 grey to red-brown and deep slate-grey and the markings are sometimes more sometimes less developed, the Pop"''- 

 moth moreover being abundant, the insect has received a host of aberrational names. Gillmee *) divides 

 the specimens into 5 groups according to the ground-colour, separating in each group again several forms accord- 

 ing to the development of the markings. If the insect is studied still more minutely and especially if the indi- 

 vidual deviations in the w'ing-contour and in neuration are also taken into account, the number of forms can 

 be increased indefinitely; those recognised by Gillmer differ as follows: ab. grisea Gillm., dark grey, often grisea. 



with a feeble rosy tint, without bands on the forewing, rust-patch paler than usual; ab. grisea-diluta Gillm., yrisea- 



diliita. 

 *] Arch. Ver. Freunde Naturg. ile<;kleub. 58, p. 70 ff. (1904); .iahib. Xass. Ver. Naturk. 59, p. 159 (190(5). 



