HAEMORRHAGIA. By Dr. K. Jordan. 247 



bands. Penis-sheath without the numerous spines of AmorpJm; liarpe obtuse, somewhat curved upward, armed 

 with sharp spines at the apex. In front of tlie vaginal orifice of the 9 a wrinkk'd triangular lobe. Two sub- 

 species on Palearctic territory. — dissimilis Brcin. (39 b). Uj^perside without a pmk tone; on the underside dissinilUfi. 

 a submarginal band on the forewing and a central line on the hinchving strongly developed and almost white, 

 very feebly violet. Japan and Amurland. — sinensis subsp. nov. Somewhat larger than the previous form, sinensis. 

 the light portions of the upperside with a pink tone, and the grey markings of the underside reddish violet. 

 Somewhat approaches the North Indian perundul(ins Swinh. Shantung and Central China. 

 Now I'dIIows tlu^ .second group of Subraiuilies (el', p. 231): 



Sphingidae semanophorae. 



Fifst .segment of pal])i on the inner .surl'aee with a. palili of nu)(lit'ie<l hairs at tlie l)a.se, "lia-sal patch". \ tew forms who.se 

 paljii are strongly reduced have only traces of the l)asal patcli ((iurelca, Othmtoskla), while in many other species the i)atch 

 oi^cupies the whole mner surface of the segment as far a.s it is not covered with scales. — The tongue is never atro[ihie(l, but 

 also never so strongly developed as in many Acheroniunac, always reaching at least to the middle of the abdomen. The hind 

 tibia has 2 i)airs of spurs, the proximal jiair liaving disa|ii>eareil («ily in one of tlie si)ecies liiiown {^fi^■^)Sllhh^J• pmiiiliim)- Tlie 

 frenulum and retinaculuju are never absent. 



C. Subfamily: Sesiinae. 



The anal segment of the cJ is deeply divided, and frequently the right and left sides are mdike, sometuiics the one 

 si<le being atrojjhied exc^ept for a very small remnant (cf. Haeiiiorrhania)- The abdominal sternite 7 of the ? is often armed 

 with spines at the apical margin: in the forms with a small and unarmed seventh sternite the mesonotum bears a high crest 

 or the palpi are widened in angle-shape laterally. 



The valve of the J sometimes liears modified scales on the outer surface (friction-scales), but these are nevei' large, 

 as is so often the case in the following sulifamily, and never lie flat on the valve as in the previous subfamilies. The larva 

 as a rule is cylindrical, and the |)upa never has a projecting cariniform tongue-case, the anterior end of the pupa lieing always 

 round. The great similarity of some genera of this subfamily with Miicroylossuni, which belongs to the following .subfamily, 

 is due to convergent development, as is also the agreement in outline and markings of Pseiidosphinx ietrio with the genu.s 

 I'mtvparce and of Xijrcri/.f hijposttcia with Ainpli/pterii.'i {— Aiiibulyx pi.). Some species have a lobate distal margin like Smc- 

 rinthus. 



The subfamily is almost exclusively American. In the Old World there are only 3 genera which belong here, and these 

 are moreover very specialised. One of these S genera (Hacinorrkayia = Hcmaris pt.) is purely holarctic, i. e. occurs only inNorth 

 America and the Palearctic Region, while the two others {Cephonodes, Sahmpcs) are troiiical. Only one species of these genera, 

 ('. hylan, which is widely dtstributed in Asia, also occurs on the African Continent: several species are restricted to Madagascar 

 a.iul neighljouring islands, whereas a number of others inhabit the Indo- Australian countries. 



To this subfamily belong the well-kwown species Pseudo.<iphin.r lelrio, I'achyJki ficus, Erinnyis alopc and elU>, et(\, which 

 are the commonest hawk-moths in tropical America; Mrio often appears in such numbers that the large bright-ringed larva 

 completely denudes whole trees. — We apply the name Seski F. (1775) to an American genus {lantaliis, lilaii, etc.). — In the 

 generalised forms the antennae are long and slender, and on the contrary strongly club-shaped in the s|>ecialised day-flying genera. 



24. Genus: lIaeiiiorrliaj"'ia &Vo/e. 



As Dalman based his name Hemaris on the same European species for which Scoi'oli, 4U years earlier, 

 had proposed the name Macroglossum, which Dalman suppressed, we place Hemaris as a synonym of Macro- 

 glossum and employ the above generic name for fuciformis and allied species. 



Antennae very strongly clubbed, thin at the base, abruptly narrowed at the apex into a recurved 

 slender hook, end-segment long and more or less cylindrical, bearing a number of bristles at the tip. The lateral 

 hair-scales of the frons hang down on to the eye. Abdomen with large fan-tail; the spines at the margins of 

 the segments above and below strongly developed, flat, rendering the abdomen very smooth in an anal direction; 

 the spines arranged in several rows, those of the first row rounded and broader than long; abdominal sternite 

 7 of $ (last external one) with the whole apical margin spinose. Fore tibia with a few spines at the apex; mid 

 coxa posteriorly triangularly widened, the tip of the dilated part sharply pointed and somewhat directed away 

 from the body; hind coxa similarly but obtusely widened; the coxae are similarly developed in Macroglossum. 

 The pulvillus sometimes absent, in other species reduced, in others again well developed. The anal tergite of 

 the (^ is deeply divided and slightly asymmetrical; the anal sternite either has 2 long processes or the right 

 process is wanting; right and left claspers and harpes different, the left harpe always vestigial only, while the 

 right one is often produced into a clavate process. Vaginal orifice shifted towards the left side. Forewing entire, 

 with transparent areas or a sharply defined marginal band, tips of subcostals 3 and 4 united; subcostal and 

 radial 1 of hindwihg on a short Stalk or from a point, cell short, about twice as long as broad, radial 3 and median 

 1 always separate. — Egg almost globular. Larva cylindrical, feebly tapering anteriorly, with numerous pale 

 dots each bearing a hair; pronotum and horn very distinctly granulose. Pupa black or dorsally brownish; head 

 obtuse with 2 papillae; abdomen long; cremaster flattened, with 2 points, laterally bearing setiferous grainiles; 

 tongue-case not cariniform. Pupation on the ground. In the warmer districts 2 broods, the second often in- 

 complete, sometimes the pupae hibernate twice. The spring specimens differ frequently so much from the 

 summer ones that they have been considered different species. On the whole the marginal band of the summer 

 specimens is more strongly dentate than in the spring examples, the latter moreover being often smaller than 

 their offspring which emerge in the summer. Moths in daytime in the sunshine, visiting flowers. Of the 15 

 known species 10 are Palearctic, one is found on the Moluccas and the other 4 are Nearctic. In the Tropics 

 of the New World the genus is represented by the less specialised genus Sesia (type: tantalus), and in those 



