DAMATA; OERURA. By Dr. K. Grunberg. 285 



dark brown, only the extreme base white, with 3 black dots; at the costal margiii a large white spot which 

 is continued to the hind margin by 2 lunate lines and traversed by an oblique band running from the costal 

 margin to the hind angle ; along the distal margin lines of pale arcs as in sphingiformis. Hindwing black, 

 paler at the hind margin, along the distal margin almost black pale-edged lunules. — ■ Sunda Islands. We 

 mention the species here because Walker described it form "North China". The record, however, appears 

 to be erroneous and the species not to be Palearctic at all. 



3. Genus: Daiiiala Walk. 



Antennae iucJ with very long branches to three-fourths, the apical portion simple, in $ shortly pectin- 

 ated to the same point. Palpi moderately large, obliquely upturned and very densely scaled. Eyes naked. 

 Body densely scaled, especially the thorax; abdomen extending for nearly half its length beyond the anal angle 

 of the hindwing. Forewing strongly elongate and narrow, apex rounded, distal margin strongly oblique form- 

 ing a very obtuse but distinct angle with the hind margiii. Hindwing broad, the anal angle somewhat 

 lobate. Nein 5 of forewing thrown off close below the upper angle of cell or even from vein 6, the latter stalk- 

 ed with 7, 8 and 9, vein 10 connected beyond 6 with the stalk of 7, 8, 9, forming an areole. In hindwing 

 vein 5 like^vise close to upper cell-angle, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 free. 



D. longipennis Walk. (44 a). Antennae and body deep black brown, patagia white with dark brown longipennis. 

 edge. Wings white; forewing densely dusted with single black scales, in basal as well as apical halves with a 

 costal and a hindmarginal black dot one below the other, the basal dots especially large, being only slightly 

 seperated or even confluent; the distal costal dot drawn out into a point and continued by a lunate line, which 

 sometimes reaches the hindmarginal dot; marginal .spots well developed, a number of still smaller dots along 

 the costal edge. On the hindwing the anal angle blackish, the distal margin in (^ narrowly, in $ broadly edged 

 with black-brown, frmges with white dots. — In North India, especially Kashmir; the specimen figured came 

 from the Kulu district. 



4. Genus: V ovnr^a Schrank. 



Antennae pectinated in both sexes to the tip, the branches long in (J, short in $. Palpi porrect, short, 

 only slightly extending beyond frons, above with soft hair, below bristly. Proboscis vestigial. Eyes naked 

 ocelli absent. Frons, thorax and base of antennae densely hairy, also the abdomen densely covered with woolly 

 hair, elongate, but obtuse, considerably extending beyond the anal angle of the hindwing. Forewing elongate, 

 narrow, obtusely triangular, costal margin quite straight close to the apex; the latter slightly rounded, distal 

 margin strongly obtuse, slightly curved, forming an obtuse angle with the hind margin. Hindwing almost 

 semicircular, with the costal margin slightly curved. In forewing veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 on a stalk from upper 

 cell-angle, or 10 from cell, 10 anastomosing with stalk of 7, 8, 9, forming a small areole. In hindwing veins 

 6 and 7 on a very long stalk. Hind tibia with short end-spurs only. 



The scheme of wing-markings is very uniform in the various species, apart from slight modifications, 

 only verbasci from Southern France and Northern Spain deviating more strongly. The forewing bears a black 

 basal dot and a transverse row of 4 or 5 subbasal ones, further, across the cell and the whole width of the 

 wing a more or less broad, continuous, constricted or interrupted, grey to greyish black band, which is usually 

 sharply bordered with black or yellow ; beyond the black discal dot there are 2 transverse dentate lines wliich 

 run across the whole wing,. the outer one bemg accompanied by a subapical band, which is coloured like the 

 transverse band and as a rule reaches from the costal margin to vein 4. Both wings bear sharp black marginal 

 dots, and the hindwing has, besides the black discal spot, a blackish and often obsolescent submarginal band, 

 which is however sometimes absent. 



Eggs flat, lentil-shaped. Larva, generally known as puss, almost naked, only bearing short and dispersed 

 hair; broadest in front, with 14 legs. Head retractile into the thorax, at the apex of segment 1 two lateral 

 tubercles which are either short and blunt or rather long and pointed, at the hind margin of segment 2 a broad 

 obtuse median projection; anal claspers modified into two long filamentous processes directed backwards, from 

 which two thin red threads serving as organs of defense can be projected. The larva when molested assumes 

 a threatening attitude, retracting the head very strongly, somewhat raising the thorax, which has become 

 broadened, and projecting the filaments from the likewise raised tails. They feed on deciduous trees, especially 

 Poplar, Birch and Willow. Pupa short, broad and compact, with rounded anal end; in an extraordinary strong 

 and hard cocoon, which consists of a trough-like cavity gnawed into the trunk or branch of a tree and vaulted 

 over by a roof made of the chips cemented together by a secretion from the mouth, the cocoon therefore appear- 

 ing externally as an usually rather flat hump closely appressed to the trunk or branch. Distributed in the 

 Palearctic Region and North America. 



C, verbasci i^. (44 b). White, thorax beneath with black-blue markings, abdomen with narrow blackish i'cr6a.sci. 

 belts. Forewing glossy white with black-blue markings, viz., a series of 6 costal dots, a prediscal band com- 



