NOTODONTA. By Dr. K. GBtJNBERG. 301 



stripes on the abdominal segments extending from the stigmata forward and upward; on thoracical segments 

 1 and 2 a red-bordered yellow longitudinal stripe which runs to the mandibles forming a kind of bridle, to which 

 the larva ows its German name of „Golden Mouth". June — September, on Oak. Pupa deep black-brown, 

 with obtuse anal end, in the ground in a cell slightly lined with silk. Moth the end of April until June, in 

 one brood only. Everywhere, not rare. 



N. monetaria Oberth. (46 b). Similar to N. anceps in size and markmgs, but the ground-colour darker, monetaria. 

 more brownish grey. The dentate bands, especially the postdiscal one, often rather weak; the median costal 

 area rather extended whitish grey; the dark discal spot sometimes entirely absent, but even in this ease its 

 light border distinct. Hindwing greyish brown, with a narrow discal dentate band on a whitish ground, 

 also the anterior marginal area whitish. The <^-antenna with short teeth and bearing penicillate cilia. — 

 Amurland and Ussuri district; Japan. 



N. oberthueri Stgr. (46 b). Similar to N. monetaria, smaller, the (^-antenna likewise dentate and oberthueri. 

 bearing penicillate cilia. Forewing with a smaller tooth of scales, brownish grey, the median area between 

 pre- and postdiscal bands entirely or for the greater part of a lighter tone; the submarginal band, composed of 

 blackish spots, is sometimes quite obsolete. Hindwing similarly marked as in N. monetaria, but the margin 

 somewliat more strongly dentate. — Ussuri district. 



N. phoebe Sieb. (= tritophus Schiff.) (45 h). Ground-colour of forewing yellowish grey-brown, the phoebe. 

 basal area to near the prediscal band as well as the outer half between cell and costal margin extended black- 

 browai, the median costal area light grey; discal spot light brown with a whitish border; the submarginal undu- 

 late line dark brown, the distal edge and the fringe black-brown. Hindwing whitish or slightly brownish, blackish 

 at the anal angle. — Throughout Central Europe, northward to Southern Sweden, Livonia, and Northern 

 Russia, southward to Southern France, Northern Italy, Bukovina; Armenia. Egg moderately convex, whitish 

 green. Larva dirty white-grey, greenish or brown-red, similar to that of N. ziczac, with tubercles on abdominal 

 segments 1 — 5, the first tubercle and the last being but small, while the other three are large, curved back- 

 ward and dark brown-red; on segment 8 a conical hump. June — July and September, on Poplar, Birch and 

 more rarely Salix. Pupa glossy dark brown, with several small hooks at the tail-end, in a cell in the ground. 



N. moltrechti Oberth. (49 b). Forewing dark reddish grey-brown, the costal margin grey to beyond moUrechti. 

 middle; at the base a large black spot bordered by a black arcuate line; the postdiscal band only indicated 

 by a row of short black vein-streaks; a pale spot in the cell. Hindwing pale brownish grey, with black margin- 

 al line and a slight trace of a dark transverse band in the costal half. — Manchuria. 



N. tritophus Esp. (nee Schiff.; = torva Hbn.) (46 a). Forewing evenly dusted with dark brown and tritophus. 

 yellowish scales, which gives the wings a greenish grey ajipearance; pre- and "postdiscal dentate bands rather 

 prominent or somewhat obsolescent, pale-edged on the proximal and distal sides respectively ; discal spot black- 

 brown, with yellowish border, submarginal line diffuse; fringe with dark spots. Hindwing pale grey-brown, the 

 anal angle darkened. Two darker, but rare, forms are known of this species, ab. fuegei Bartel with black ab- fuegei. 

 domen and blackish forewing bearing white transverses tripes (so far only known from Saxony), and ab. melaena melaenia. 

 Spul. which bears on the likewise blackish forewing only very feeble traces of dentate bands, but has a pale 

 undulate band in the marginal area. Oberthur has lately figured a uniformly dark grey-brown form from 

 Manchuria, unifortnis Oberth., in which the prediscal band is entirely absent and the postdiscal one weak and uniformis. 

 diffuse, the discal spot has a whitish border, and there is a light-edged dark submarginal line. Hindwing paler, 

 more grey, with whitish median band. — Central Europe, as far as Sweden and Northern Russia, southward 

 to Central Italy, Bukovina; also Amurland and Ussuri district, as well as Japan. The larva very closely re- 

 sembles that oiN. ziczac and is easily confounded with it. There are scarcely any apparent differences hi colour 

 and markings, but the colouring appears on the whole to be a little deeper in tone. The tubercle on abdominal 

 segments 2 and 3 are somewhat shorter and obtuser. June — July and August^September on Poplar and 

 Birch. Pupation in the ground beneath fallen-off leaves. Moths in May — June and August ; far less abun- 

 dant than most other species of Notodonta. 



N. tiefi Bartel (45 h). Allied to N. phoebe Sieb. The ground-colour a pale yellowish grey, the very tiefi. 

 dark colouring in the basal area and beyond the cell less extended, the postdiscal dentate band distally pro- 

 minently edged with white followed by a row of dark spots; discal spot yellowish bromi with a whitish border. 

 Hmdwing white, anal angle darkened. — Southern Ural (Orenburg); also Finland. Moth in June and July. 

 According to OberthItr only an albinotic form of N. phoebe. However, an albinotic form is known of tiefi 

 itself, which we call ab. obsoleta ab.nov., and which bears only traces of the dark markmgs on the forewing. obsoleta. 



N. basistriga Moore (49 a). Forewing yellowish grey, median and marginal areas palest, pre- and basistriga. 

 postdiscal dentate bands prominent, blackish brown, the basal area as far as the prediscal band and the area 

 beyond the postdiscal one darkened ; a distinct dark oblique subbasal band ; discal spot pronounced blackish 

 brown ; the dark submarginal band separated into single spots ; along the distal margin another row of blackish 

 spots. Hindwmg whitish grey, darker, i. e. brownish, in the $. — Dharmsala in the Western Himalayas. 



