314 PYGAERA. By Dr. K. Grunberg. 



aieversi. P. sieversi St^r. (47 f $). An exceptionally small species. Forevving of $ yellowish brown, somewhat 



darker at apex and hind margin, narrower and longer in the (^, reddish brown or light chestnut; 3 light trans- 

 verse bands bordered by a dark double line, subbasal, pre- and postdiscal, the middle band being divided in 

 its hinder half; postdiscal band in ^ only a simple narrow blackish dentate line; a row of dark submarginal 

 dots, in ^ distinct only at the apex; discal spot small, dark. Hindwing blackish grey-brown, with yellowish 

 brown anal angle. — Ussuri district;. 



troglodyta. P« troglodyta Graes. (47 f). Nearly related to P. sieversi. Forewing light reddish brown, in places 



darker with greyish brown violet tone; transverse bands as in sieversi, especially the central one, but the sub- 

 basal band absent. Hindwing blackish grey with light reddish brown anal angle. — ■ Ussuri district, Corea, 

 Japan. 



anastomosis. P. anastomosis L. (47 f). Body and wings of a grey-brown ground-colour, vertex and centre of thorax 



deep black-brown, velvety. Forewing extended rust-brown below the apex, with 3 narrow dark-edged trans- 

 verse bands, the subbasal one interrupted at the hind edge of the cell and its posterior portion somewhat shifted 

 distad, the pre- and postdiscal bands approximated at hind margin and connected below cell by means of a 

 dark, oblique, posteriorly sharply defined spot; discal spot circular, crossed by the light-coloured discocellular 

 vein. Europe, from Scandinavia to Southern France and Northern Italy, eastward over Central Asia to East 

 Siberia, Corea, China and Japan. Absent from England and northern Scandmavia. Widely distributed in 

 Central Europe, in 2 broods, April — ^June and July— August, in the North only 1 brood. May — June, in the 

 South possibly 3. Along with the ordinary form throughout the whole area occur singly dark brown or blackisli 

 /r(s<fs."_specimens, tristis Stgr., in which particularly the hindwing is deep black-grey. — On the other hand, orientalis 

 orientalia. Pixs., described from Corea, but also distributed over Eastern Siberia, is lighter than true anastomosis, the 

 forewing especially being greyer; the oblique spot connecting the two outer bands is a mere shadow, and the 

 dark median spot of the thorax is edged with a thin white line. — • Larva red-brown, with black dorsal spots 

 accompanied on each side by a yellow longitudinal line, with brownish hair. The hump on abdominal segment 

 1 is black, bears black hair and 4 round dome-shaped tubercles, 2 in front larger, and 2 behind smaller; the 

 hump on segment 8 is similar but somewhat smaller. On thoracical segments 2 and 3 and on the abdomen 

 from segment 2 there are 2 small yellow warts in the black dorsal spots and a small red tubercle on each side 

 in the yellow stripe, the tubercles on the thorax enlarged to small processes. Stigmata black, on abdominal 

 segment 1 a small black tubercle below the spiracle. Head black, with bi'ownish hair. May- — ^June and July — 

 September, on species of Salix and Populus, when young between leaves fastened together, later stages free. 

 Pupa strongly glossy, head and thorax black, wing-cases and abdomen red-brown, the latter produced into 

 a long point bearing several small hooks at the tip, with which the pupa is fastened in the loose grey web. 



curtida. P. curtula L. (= anachoreta Esp.) (47 f). Light brownish gre}"-, vertex and centre of thorax very 



dark brown. Forswing with a large red-brown apical patch, which is proximally bounded by the shaqjly devel- 

 oped white postdiscal line and posteriorly by vein 3; subbasal and prediscal bands as well as the posterior 

 half of the postdiscal band likewise white, but less sharp; in the brown apical patch a blackish submarginal 

 line composed of single spots. In the specimens of the summer-brood the hindmarginal area of the forewing 

 as well as the hindwing are usually paler, often almost white. South-European examples also are light-coloured, 

 yellowish white, the apical blotch of the forewing brownish yellow. North Europe to Southern France and 

 Northern Italy, Corsica, Bukovina, Bulgaria, Armenia to East Siberia. In Central Europe everywhere plentiful, 



webbiana. in 2 broods, April- — -May and July — August. A dark form occurs also in this species, ab. webbiana Rebel, corres- 

 ponding to ab. tristis of P. anastomosis; forewing blackish grey, traversed by 3 white transverse stripes. - — ■ 



caneacens. Further, a likewise pale East-Siberian form, canescens Graes., which is pale yellowish grey to whitish, similar 

 to the light specimens of the summer-brood. — ■ Egg glossy dark green, with dark pole. Larva grey, with minute 

 dark red-brown irroration, which renders the ground-colour reddish grej', and with thin dark dorsal line and 

 grey hair; the hump on segments 1 and 8 of abdomen low, blackish; from thoracical segment 2 on each side 

 3 feeble orange-yellow warts in a transverse row; stigmata black. May — -June and August — September, on 

 Salix and Poplar. Pupa as in P. anastomosis, in a grey web. 



curtidoides. P. curtuloides Ersch. (47 f ). Very close to P. curtula, which it replaces in Amurland. Groinid-colour 



somewhat darker than in curtula, uniformly reddish bro'mi, the dark apical patch on the forewing likewise 

 more even, the prominent white band which forms its proximal border produced into along pointed tooth. — In 

 Amurland, plentiful. The larva on Aspen. — ■ It is not certain if the North-American albosigma belongs here. 



anachoreta. P. anachoreta F. (= curtula Esp., fulgurita Walk.) (47 g). Ground-colour dark brownish grey, more 



ashy grej', vertex and centre of thorax black-brown. The dark brown apical spot of the forewing extends basad 

 beyond the postdiscal band to the apex of cell, the white band within it sharply contrasting and dentate; the 



