PYGOPTERYX; ANTICYRA. By Dr. K. Grunberg. 315 



other bands indistinct. In the apical patch a row of small blackish submarginal spots, the row continued below 

 vein 3 by larger and more prominent spots. From North Europe, with the exception of the higher latitudes, 

 to Northern Italy and Northern Spain, Southern Russia, Armenia, East Asia, China, Japan, India. In Central 

 Europe everywhere, but rarer than curtida and anastomosis, likewise in 2 broods, April — -May and July — -August; 

 in the North one brood. May — ^June. ^ Also in this species a paler variety has been separated: pallida Walk., pallUla. 

 which extends from Central and East Asia into the Oriental Region. — Egg lentiform, brown-grey with 

 brown transverse band. Larva reddish grey, with grey yellow hair, dark dorsal line and large, interrupted 

 black dorsolateral spots. The tubercle on abdominal segment 1 moderately liigh, that on segment 8 smaller, 

 brown-red bordered with black, the former accompanied by a prominent white spot. The small orange-red 

 lateral warts weak as in P. curtula, with which the larva agrees in habits. Pupa rather slender, glossy 

 black-browni, with the segmental incisions of the abdomen red-brown, the apex as in P. anastomosis. Cocoon 

 loose, brownish grey, between leaves. 



P. pjgra Hufn. (= reclusa F.) (56d). Smaller than P. anachoreta, with the ground-colour darker; pigra. 

 the forewing strongly suffused with whitish grey to violet grey, particularly in the centre and at the distal 

 margin; the 3 bands are represented by 3 prominent white lines. Subbasal and prediscal bands approach 

 each other costally and are united at the hind margin. A red-brown spot between postdiscal band and apex 

 of wing. Throughout Europe (excepting the Polar Region) to Portugal and Central Italy, South-Eastern 

 Europe, South Russia, Armenia, Central and East Asia. In Central Europe rarer than anachoreta and the 

 other species ; likewise in 2 broods. — Also of this species a lighter variety and a darker one occur: obscurior Stgr., obscuHor. 

 with the ground-colour very deep dark brown, is found in Central and East Asia; and ferruginea Stgr., with feiruginea. 

 the ground bright rust-brown, has been described from southern Asia Minor. — Egg semiglobular, flesh- 

 colour. Larva ashy grey to blackish grey, or with a greenish tint, hair grey-yellow, the hump on segments 1 

 and 8 of abdomen flat, black; 2 longitudinal rows of yellow lateral small warts in dark spots, also a ventro-la- 

 teral, yellow, interrupted double stripe, in which the black spiracles are placed. On Salix and Aspen. Pupa 

 glossy red-brown with dark wing-cases, otherwise as in P. anastomosis, etc., in a whitish grey web. 



P. modesta Stgr. (= moderata Graes., Rhegmatophila akulini Oherth.) (47 f). Forewing pale ashy morf^sto. 

 grey, dusted with blackish scales, without apical patch; subbasal and prediscal bands not very distinct, the 

 white postdiscal band, however, sharp, dentate, edged with black, distally accompanied at the costal margin 

 by an obsolescent brown macular stripe. Hindwing dirty wiiite, sparsely irrorated with black scales at the 

 distal margin. — ■ The species bears some resemblance to ab. pallida of P. anachoreta, but is easily distinguished 

 by the absence of the apical spot. Central Asia (Ferghana and Issyk-kul, Alexander Mts.). 



40. Genus: Pj^gopter.yx Stgr. 



Antennae serrate in (J with short cilia, simple and setiform in $. Palpi rather long, distinctly extending 

 above the frons. Proboscis strongly developed. Thorax with smooth hair, only the hair at the posterior corner 

 of the patagia somewhat rough, semierect. Abdomen with short smooth hair, with long anal brush in ^. Femora 

 and tibiae with long hair; hind tibia with strong mid- and end-spurs. Forewing rather broad, with pointed 

 apex and undulate distal margin which projects strongest ui the centre. Hindwing broadly rounded, vem 

 5 weak, a mere fold. 



The only species is P. s\xa.\a. Stgr. (47 g), which recalls Pygaera by the wing-markings. Dull reddish siwitja. 

 brown; forewing darker at the base and distal margin, centre of costal margin lighter, reddish grey; with 3 

 straight light transverse bands in the usual position, and a light submarginal line. Hindwing light reddish 

 brown, with a strongly obsolescent narrow dark median band. — Ussuri district (Vladivostok, Sidem-). 



41. Genus: Aiitie^ra Walk. 



Antennae plumose to % in (^, the branches densely hairy on two sides, in ? thick setiform. Palpi porrect, 

 not reaching above frons. Proboscis feebly developed. Eyes naked. Thorax as in Phalera relatively very short. 

 Abdomen elongate, extendmg by Y^ beyond the anal angle of hindwing. Femora and tibiae with dense and 

 long hair; hind tibia with mid- and end-spurs. Forewing broad, triangular, distal margin steep, hind angle 

 rounded; veins 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked together, 10 from cell, touching stalk of 8, 9 in a point or connected with 

 it by a bar, a long areole being formed. Hindwing broad and evenly rounded, veins 6 and 7 stalked. — Distri- 

 buted throughout the Oriental and Ethiopian Regions. 



A. combusta Walk. (47 e). The species varies somewhat in colouring; but the markings are surprisingly combusta. 

 constant considering its wide distribution. It reminds one of the European species of Phalera, particularly in 

 the colouring of the thorax. The straw-coloured forewing are traversed in the costal area by dark grey-brown 

 longitudinal stripes, mostly parallel with the veins, the whole distal marginal area is strongly darkened, this 

 brown colouring extends below the cell to the base ; at the distal edge a double row of black, proximally a pale- 



