316 PYDNA; NORRACA. By Dr. K. Grunberg. 



edged angle-spots. Hindwing dark brown with pale basal area. — • Throughout China to Tsingtau and Pckin 

 and singly in Southern Jajjan. The only Oriental representative of the genus, occurring all over India from the 

 Himalayas to the Sunda Islands and the Philijjpines, being also widely distributed in Africa. Larva bluish 

 green, with black head, hair long, especially dense and rather long on the abdomen. Pupa short and stout, with 

 a tuft of bristles at the anal end. 



42. Genus: I»j«liia Walk.' (Bireta, Walk., Ceira Walk.) 



Antennae of cj plumose, the branches moderately long, somewhat extraordinary long, in other cases 

 but short; in 5 with short pectinations or simply setiform. Palpi obliquely upturned to a level with the vertex, 

 in one group of species shorter, the end-segment acute, porrect. Proboscis rather weak. Eyes naked. Thorax 

 with long hair, particularly the patagia. Abdomen rather long, especially slender and tapering in cJ. Legs 

 long and strong; femora and tibiae with crests of long hair; hind tibia with very strong mid- and end-spurs, 

 the end-spurs of ths midtibia also very strong. Forewing broad, particularly broad at the base in consequence 

 of the costal and hind margins being strongly convex at the base, the wing appearing quadrangular; distal 

 margin steep and only slightly convex, liind margin quite straight beyond the basal convexity; veins 6, 7, 

 8, 9 on a stalk from the upper angle of cell, 6 very close to cell, 10 from cell, anastomosing with stalk of 8, 9 or 

 of 7, 8, 9, the areole being consequently either remarkably long and narrow or shorter. Hindwing very 

 broad, strongly rounded, with the costal margin almost straight; veins 6 and 7 stalked. — The genus is rather 

 rich in species and occurs throughout the Oriental Region, extending in East Asia to China and Japan. But 

 most species are tropical. Colouring and markings are liable to very much. The East Asiatic species are all 

 closely related to one another. 

 pallida. "*• pallida Butl. (= notata Sicinh.) (56 e). Ground-colour of thorax and wings pale yellowish grey, 



the forewing with a broad but diffuse brown longitudinal stripe in the costal half sharply bounded by the hind 

 margin of the cell, and with a large brown hindmarginal spot; beyond the centre a curved double row of dark 

 brown dots from costal to hind margin, likewise before the distal margin a row of black-brown dots between 

 the veins; some additional dots at the base and before the middle. The bro\vni markings as well as the rows 

 of dots are sometimes cjuite obsolescent (cf. figure), especially in $, only the marginal dots remain distinct, at 

 least in the centre of the distal margin. Hindwing brownish with the exception of the costal margin, some- 

 times entirely pale. Abdomen light grey-brown. — ■ North India to China and Japan. 

 straminea. P. straminea Jfoore (47g, as pallida). Forewing entirely pale or rather bright straw-yellow to brown- 



ish yellow; a brown stripe from the apex to the middle of the hind margm, more or less continuous or broken 

 up into irregular spots, and strongly dilated below the cell; this stripe traversed by a postdiscal double row 

 of bi'own spots arranged as in P. pallida; at the distal margin a row of brown dots between the veins, at the 

 apex of cell a brown spot and before it a vestigial prediscal row of spots. Also in this species the markings 

 are liable to being quite diffuse or disappearing almost entirely excepting traces of the outer postdiscal row of 

 dots and the marginal dots. Hindwing pale yellowish grey. Body of the colour of the forewing. — Japan. If 

 a larger series of Japanese specimens be examined, some aberrations might be distinguished in this very 

 variable species, although the forms do not appear to be sharply defined. 

 plumoaa. P. pluitiosa Leech (49 a). Somewhat resembling the two previous species in colouring and marking. 



The (J-antenna with excessively long branches. Forewing pale straw-colour, with a brown shadow from the 

 apex to the hind margin ; the postdiscal and marginal rows of dots as in weakly marked specimens of P. straminea. 

 Hindwing silky white with a slight yellowish tint. — Japan. 

 southerlandi. P- southerlandl Holl. Antennae very strongly pectinated. Forewing light straw-yellow; from the 



base below cell a curved brown band extends upwards to the apex. Hindwing somewhat darker than fore- 

 wing. — Japan. 

 insignis. P. insigtiis Leech. According to the description closely related to pnlli'la Butl. Forewing pale yellow 



basal, median and outer areas brownish, 2 black basal dots, a prediscal transver.se row of black spots, behind 

 the dark discal spot an undulate double line spotted with black on the veins, at the distal margin a row of 

 black dots between the veins, the tips of the veins also brown. Hindwing dark brown with exception of the 

 costal margin. — • Japan. 

 irugalis. P. frugalis Leech. Forewing pale brownish, with blackish basal spots; in the cell a brown longitudinal 



stripe which enclo.ses in its dilated apex the dark discal spots; a brown longitudinal stripe extends from the 

 apex of wing to below cell, being continued from there to the hind margin by two curved lines; the two post- 

 discalrows of spots and the marginal interneural dots are sharply developed in this species also. Hindwing pale 

 brownish. — West China. 



43. Genus: ^orraca Moore. 



Antennae serrate in ^, with fascicles of fine cilia, in $ smooth, setiform. Palpi of (^ vertically upturned, 

 reached to the height of vertex, more obliquely upturned in $ and somewhat shorter. Proboscis moderate. 



