380 PARANTHRENE. By M. Eartel. 



separate from lower ci.ll-aiigle, 5 closer to 4 than to 6, cross-vein less oblique than in Aegeria and Sphecin. 

 — Type: tabaniformis Rott. v. rhingiaeformis Hbn. The fine West-Asiatic species which used to be placed 

 near tabaniformis differ so much morphologically that they will be dealt with under another genus. 



tabani- P. tabaniformis Bolt. (51 b). Forewing brownish black, only the proximal parts of the cell and of 



formis. ^jjg hindmarginal area vitreous; small yellow dots at the base near the outer edge of the patagia. Body 

 and antennae black; abdominal segments 2, 4 and 6, and in ^J also 7 with yellow hind edges. In a $ 

 from Greece the vitreous basal streak of the forewing is entirely absent. Distributed throughout Central 

 and South Europe, northward to Finland and Lapland, southward to Sicily and Catalonia, eastward to the 

 Ural and beyond it as far as Amurland and Mongolia (here probably in modified form), south-eastward to Asia 

 Minor and Transcaucasia. — In the larger western portion of Southern Europe, and Ill\Tia. Algeria. Asia 

 rhingiae- Minor, Syria, Amurland, in Xorth-Western Mongolia and China the species is represented by the form rhingiae- 

 formis. formis Hbn. (51 b), which is distinguished by the forewing being covered with ochreous scaling and bearing 

 a distinct reddish median bar. and by the antennae being yellow in ^ and ochreous in $. Moreover, all the 

 abdominal segments bear yellow belts, and the patagia are spotted with j^ellow on inside. Prothorax with 

 distinct yellow spots; on the metathorax 4 small yellow spots. The spot on the patagia is very conspicuous, 

 and the anal tuft predominantly yellow, only being black in the centre. Legs entirely yellow. This form 

 almost has the appearance of a distinct species, but it is connected with the first-described form by tran- 

 sitions; for instance, in Central Europe also specimens of tabaniformis occur with completely yellow-belted 

 abdomen (Saxony, Berlin, etc.). — Prof . Seitz found at Shanghai two very small 9? of rhingiaeformis which 

 have narrow yellow belts, with the exception of segment 4, which is almost entirely yellow. I call this inte- 

 sangaica. resting form sangaica foim. nov. (50 g). — kungessana Alph. may also be regarded an advanced transitional 

 knmjcssana. form. The antennae in the ^ blackish brown, in the $ yellowish brown. Forewing dirty yellow. All the 

 abdominal segments with very narrow pale yellow, almost whitish edges. From Tashkent, the Ala-Tau, and 

 Kuldja district, presumably also in the Pamirs and the neighboring districts. — Larva yellowish white, 

 bearing single dark hairs, with dark dorsal line, and black-brown head and pronotal plate. Lives in swell- 

 ings of small stems and branches of Poplar, especially Populus nigra and tremula, also in the stronger 

 roots of young trees, in stumps of branches, and at the base of the trunk; but has also been bred from bushes 

 of crippled Salix. Hibernates twice and pupates in May without cocoon, simply lying in a tunnel beneath the bark 

 which is gnawed very thin; chrysalis yellowish brown. The moths emerge from the end of May until early 

 August. Herrtch-Schaffer caught the moth as late as September. The statement tluit the larva of 

 rhingiae joniiis had been found in Ehulum humile has not been corroborated. 



vcspipennis. P- vesplpennis H.-Schdff. Almost half as large again as P. tabaniformis; blackish bi'own, with 



small rusty-red median spot and small vitreous wedge-spot near the hind angle. Head and thorax brown 

 with pale yellow collar. Antennae reddish. Palpi yellow. Patagia with pale edges and a small pale spot 

 near the base of the forewing. Abdomen brown, segment 1 with 2 small yellow transverse lines, segments 

 2 and 3 yellow, the following margined with bright rust-colour. Metathorax with yellow arcuate spots. Anal 

 tuft brown, mixed with light hair-scales. Legs pale yellow, with yellow tibiae. — China. 



feralc. P. ferale Leech (51 b). Forewing only transparent from the base to a little beyond centre, brown, 



with dispersed orange scales and purplish reflections. Hindwing entirely vitreous, opalescent, with narrow- 

 dark border. Underside of both wings iridescent. Head black. Palpi anteriorly yellow. Collar yellow. Tho- 

 rax and abdomen black, the latter with a broad yellow belt on segment 4. Legs blackish ; hind tarsus yellow. 

 Larger than the two other Japanese species of the genus, and easily recognised by the broad yellow' belt 

 on the fourtii abdominal segment. Expanse 43 mm (,^). — Japan (Yezzo). 



bicincta. P. bicificta Walk. (50k). Nearest to our tabaniformis; not known to me in nature. According to the 



figure of the type the forewing is somewhat broader, brown, at the distal margin black, the thorax black 

 mixed with yellow, and the abdomen black bearing a narrow yellow belt on the second and fourth segments. 

 Hind tibia blackish, the tarsi yellowish. — Japan (Nagasaki, June; Tsuruga and Shimonoseki, July; Yoko- 

 hama). 



regale. P. regale Butl. (51 b). Forewing black, streaked with copper-colour. Hindwing vitreous, with black 



veins. Beneath the forewing for the greater part orange, and the veins and border of the hindwing also 

 orange. Body black; anterior portion of collar, the patagia, 2 longitudinal stripes on the thorax and 3 ab- 

 dominal belts (of which the first is the broadest, being broadly continuous on the ventral side) orange-yellow. 

 Breast and femora spotted w'ith orange. Legs black, ^^dorsallyon each side of the last abdominal segment with a 

 long black tuft of hair extending beyond the tip of the abdomen bj' one-third. — Japan (Yokohama; Satsuma, 

 May; Nagasaki, May and June; Shimonoseki, July); Kiukiang. 



flammans. P. flatnmans Hamps. Expanse 3* 26, $ 31 mm. Forewing covered with orange and black scaling, 



the veins black. Hindwing transparent, the veins orange and black, distal margin and fringes l)la(k. Palpi, 



