■.m SYNANTHEDON. By M. Bartei,. 



nifibasalis. S. rufibasalis Bartei. Much smaller than aiidrenaeformis and like this without white band in front of 



the eyes. Palpi with bushy hair, yellow, exteriorly black. Body black-blue; hind edges of abdominal seg- 

 ments 2 and 4 narrowly yellow above. Anal tuft only beneath with yellowish middle stripe and feebly 

 mixed with yellowash at the tip. Legs yellow, tibiae blackish; hind tibia only blackish at the base and apex. 

 Antenna uniformly black. Particularly distinguished by the extended red-yellow colouring of the base of 

 tlie forewing, which colour is also spread over the hind margin. Discal spot edged with vermilion exteriorly 

 (on the underside also proximallj'). Costal and distal margins of forewing brown-black, with a golden 

 sheen; marginal cells minutely golden yellow. Underside of wings almost entirely golden yellow on the scal- 

 ed parts; costal margin of hindwing beneath orange-yellow, likewise the base. — Upper Engadine (Pontresina, 

 July 16. 1905, 1 (J caught by me). Larva presumably in Salix. 

 aitrivillii. S. aurivilHi Lampa. Nearly allied to rufibasalis and like this without white bands in front of the 



eyes. Palpi black above and partlj^ also outwardly. Anal tuft uniformly black-brown above and below. Fe- 

 mora and tibiae black with metallic gloss; only the tarsi and the tip of the hind tibia yellow. Easily recognised 

 by the anal tuft and the legs. The abdomen, moreover, is said not to bear 2 j'ellow dorsal belts; but the 

 statement cannot be verified, as the tj'pe is somewhat worn. These notes on the species were kindly sent me 

 by Prof. AuRmLLirs, after I had been able to satisfy myself about the specific distinctness from poluris 

 of the tjqjc in the Stockholm Museum. • — Lapland. 



flaiiveiilris. S. flaviventris Stgr. (51 d). Similar to cephiforrnis and tipuliformis, but the hind margin of the head 



not yellow, and the thorax uniformly dark, without yellow edges to the patagia. Abdominal segments 4 — 6 

 entirely yellow beneath. Anal brush of $ striped with yellow at the sides. Antenna pale beneath. Median 

 band of forewing rather broad, very oblique. Outer vitreous patch very narrow, oblique, its first partition 

 extending farther distad; marginal area above only with a very feeble red tint. — Probably distributed over 

 the whole of the North German plains, but hitherto only found in Mecklenburg (Friedland, Neustrelitz), 

 Pommerania (mouth of River Peene), environs of Hamburg and Kiel, in Silesia (Kohlfurt), at St. Petersbourg 

 and in the province of Oblonetz. The larva lives in the branches of a Salix with rough leaves (pre.siimably 

 Salix caprea), in or not far above slight swellings which recall the Saperda-gall on Populus tremula. It is 

 usually found in branches about the thickness of a pencil or a little thicker, especially in shrubs growing on 

 moors: but it has also been met with on wet meadow's and even in bushes which grew on a sandy soil. The 

 best time for sarching is April, wlien the shrubs are still without leaves. Pupation in June, the head of the 

 pupa directed downwards. The moths emerge in June and July. 



lipulijormis. S. tipuliformis A. (= spuleri Fuchs) (51 d). The best known and most widely distributed species 



of the genus. Head with j^ellow posterior margin. Patagia dorsally edged with yellow^ Abdominal segments 2, 

 4, 6 and in (^ also 7 with yellow belt on upperside; beneath segment 4 with yellow hind margin, while 5 and 

 (i bear only some yellow admixture. Metathorax without yellow transverse spot. Anal brush uniformly 

 black, at most in q beneath very slightly mixed with yellow in the middle. The outer vitreous area with 

 straight proximal edge; marginal cells filled in with red. Very rarely specimens are obtained in Avhich the 

 wing-membrane is browni; also examples with the anal brush yellow at the sides have been found. — ■ Distri- 

 l)uted throughout Europe together with the food-plant, nortliward to Lapland and Finland, but apparently 

 not yet recorded from the Iberian Peninsula, eastward to Amasia, Cis- and Transcaucasia, Uralsk district 

 and Siberia. Introduced with the food-plant into North-America and New Zealand. Larva slender, 20 — 30 mm 

 long, whitish, with very thin small hairs. Dorsal line dark; head and thoracical legs brown; pronotal plate 

 divided by a light brown line. It hibernates only once and lives chiefly in the branches of various species of 

 Kibes (R. nigrum, rubrum, gros.sularia. alpina) feeding on the pith; more rarely in young shoots of Hazel 

 (Corylus). in branches of Juniper and Evonynius europaeus: sometimes destructive in gardens among currants. 

 Pupation usually in May or June, rarely already in April, the pupa being brownish y 'llo»v. The moths appear 

 over a long period, emerging from May until early September. ■ — The larvae feeding in Juniper are the 

 xpulerl. cause of goitre-like swellings on the branches; the moths bred from them are larger. The form spuleri Fuchs 

 based on specimens obtained from Juniper does not show any difference from ordinary tipuliformis according 

 to an examination of the type. 



cephiformis. S. cephiformis O. (51 d). Larger than tipuliformis 0. and easily distinguished from it by the yellow 



hair of the metathorax and by the anal brush. The latter is black in r^, mixed with yellow medianly at the 

 apex, in 9 bright yellow, this colour more extended above than beneath, the tuft only being black at the 

 base and sides. The marginal cells of the forewing very feebly suffused with yellow on the dark border. At the 

 base of the forewing a yellow dot near the outer edge of the patagia, the spot, however, being sometimes 

 invisible. Rarely occur $$ with the anal tuft black above instead of golden yellow. Distributed throughout 

 Southern, Central and Eastern Germany, Switzerland, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary, Dalmatia, Bosnia, Rou- 

 mania, Greece, Kuban district, Transcaucasia. Pontus and Hvrcania. The larva is bone-white, biennial, 

 and lives in the swellings and cancerous growths caused by the attack of the fungus Aecidium elatinum 

 on the trunks, twigs and larger branches of Abies alba, Picea excelsa and Larix europaea, and betrays itself 

 by the frass. Usually a number occur in the same swelling; as many as 67 moths have been bred from a 

 moderately large growth. The green sw^ellings are best collected in April and May; the moths emerge 



