Publ. I. VI. i'.,i-. SYNANTHEDON. By M. Bartel. . 385 



])i<jduee I'roin the cud of May until early August ; larvae collected one year old and bred in captivity very much 

 dwarfed moths. 



S. conopiformis Eap. (51 d). Similar to tipuliformis, but the cells witliin the dark outer border of the conopijor- 

 forewing filled in Avith brilliant reddish brown or coppery read above and below; this coppery colouring spread '"^*- 

 over the outer half of tiie hind margin. Discal spot relatively narrower, concave on distal side. Palpi brighter, 

 orange-yellow. Metathorax with a yellow transverse spot. Differs from cephiformis in the absence of the yellow 

 spot on the patagia near the base of the forewing and in the anal tuft being uniformly black-blue in both sexes. 

 Fore coxa more orange-yellow on outside, in the other two species mentioned more yellow. Always larger and 

 more robust than <ip«7«7o;v/iJA\ — Germany, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Austria- Hungary, Dalmatia, Northern 

 and Central Italy, Sicily, Southern Russia, South-Eastern Russia and the adjacent districts of Asia, Trans- 

 caucasia and North Persia. Larva wliitish, cyUndrical, flattened towards both ends, sparsely clothed with 

 short erect small hairs. Dorsal vessel sliining through dark. Stigmata black; below them a diffuse yellowish 

 longitudinal stripe. Pronotal plate light brown; head brown, anteriorly black. Biennial, under the bark of 

 old diseased or dead Oak, where the bark is split or in cancerous swellings, making many ciu'ved or irregularly 

 shaped tunnels, wliich are very large as compared with those of other species. The larva has also been found 

 in Lower Austria in the stem of the Mistletoe (Viscum album) near the base of the plant. Pupation from May 

 until early July in an ovate cocoon made of gnawed wood. The moths emerge from June to August, rarely 

 still in September, in favourable years already in May. 



S. vespiformis L. (= asiliformis Rott.) (51 e). Median band of foreT;\ing bounded by red-lead colour on vespiformis. 

 outside, but usually entirely of this colour, wliich extends distad along the costal margin; marginal border 

 rather narrow above, black-brown, in $ brownish. At the base of the forewing a yellow spot. Head black, 

 with white bands in front of the eyes, and yellow collar. Patagia ^lith yellow inner edge. Abdomen above with 

 j^ellow belts on segments 2, 4, 6 and in o also 7; 5 not rarely with an additional feeble yellow belt. On the 

 underside .segments 4 and 6, in (J also 7, posteriorly edged with yellow. Anal brush black-blue in (J, beneath 

 yellow medianly at the apex and at the sides; in ? broader and above golden yellow with a small black line 

 in the centre at the base, beneath black with only the tip yellow. On the metathorax a yellow spot. Femora 

 and tibiae yellow; the mid and hind tibiae with broad black subapical ring. — • From Southern Sweden, Fin- 

 land, St. Petersbourg, and England throughout Central and South Europe, North-Western Africa, Kuban 

 district, Transcaucasia, and Asia ACnor. — Specimens in which the forewing is entirely bordered with red, apart 

 from the veins in the distal marginal border, are ab. rufimarginata»S'p(</., Rheingau (Bornich). — ab. mellinifor- rufimarrji- 

 mis Li.$p. is a questionable smaller form with pale golden-yellow colouring of the distal border to the forewing ""'"; ., 

 and without yellow inner edges to the patagia; moreover, the discal spot of the forewing is predominantly black, ^j^. 

 with thin golden yellow border on the outside; femora and tibiae black-blue, the latter yellow at the base and 

 on the outside; tarsi yellow, black at the apex; from Saxony, Lower Austria, Southern France and Spain, May 

 and June. — codeti Oberth. (= puigi Oherth.) (51 e) is a very small form from Algeria. A $ before me from codeti. 

 PhilippeviUe (May 6. 1906) is slenderer than Central European specimens, with the antenna relatively very 

 tliin. The outer vitreous patch much more irregularly convex outwardly. Costal margin scaled dark brown, 

 with feeble yellow intermixture. Collar dark. Metathorax with very strong yellow tuft. The yellow belt of 

 the fourth abdominal segment very strongly widened at the sides, segments 4 — ^6 entirely yellow on underside. 

 Anal brush dirty yellow, black above at the base, apex and .sides; beneath black, medianly mixed with yellow 

 at the apex. Legs dirty yellow, femora ringed with black. — Larva 20 — ^30 mm long, bone-colour, strongly 

 transparent bluish grey, especially on the back, minutely dotted with black and clothed with tliin hairs. Head 

 dark brown, anteriorly bordered with black. Pronotal plate and anal tergite brownish yellow, the former darker, 

 pencilled with brown. Thoracical legs light brown; prolegs beneath ringed with brown. It is annual and lives 

 in the stems of Oak between the bark and wood, often numerous in stumps, but also in rough swellings and 

 cancerous growths of old trunks. Hibernates in a slight web, which it usually leaves in April in order to made 

 a harder cocoon from particles of wood deep in the crevices of the bark. Singly also found under the bark of 

 Chestnut (Castanea sativa). in Walnut and Beech (Fagus silvatica); at Malaga also observed in Tamarisk 

 (Tamarindus). Pupa yellowish brown, with a spike on the head and 2 rows of spikes on each abdominal seg- 

 ment ; anal end truncate, with a belt of 6 — S small spikes. The moths emerges from April to September, usually 

 from June until early August. 



S. niyopaeformis So/'M. (51e). Forewing with the margins and veins black and the vitreous areas large; myopae- 

 outer area with a slight brown-red sheen. Antennae uniformly black. Above eyes a white stripe. Palpi of o black /'"■>«w- 

 exteriorly, white on inside, in 9 entirely black. Abdomen with a red belt on segment 4, which is open beneath 

 in the 5; in (J underside of segments 4 — 6 (often also 7) occupied by a silvery white stripe. Anal brush black- 

 blue, in ^ beneath yellowish in the middle. Legs black -blue; tarsi of ^ beneath dirty yellow, of $ brownish. 

 Throughout Central and Northern Europe (northward to Christiania) with, the exception of the Polar countries, 

 also found in the Pyrenees, Northern Italy, Dalmatia, Roumania, Bulgaria, Greece, Southern Russia, Kuban 



II 49 



