SYNANTHEDON. By M. Bartel. 387 



and legs black; fore tibia reddish yellow on inside; tarsi mixed with light scahng; tibiae of liind leg with con- 

 spicuous red hair excepting a short basal portion. — Samarkand (9). 



S. albanica Rebel. Near luctuosa and duplex Stgr. ; but the abdomen stout and above and beneath entirely albaniai. 

 uniform black-green. Antennae black, with long cilia, brownish on inside. Palpi uniformljr black-green, the 

 middle segment with long bushy hair. Anterior margin of eyes yellowish wliite. Legs uniformly black-green. 

 Longitudinal vitreous spot of the black-brown forewing extending to the broad median band, outer vitreous 

 patch oval, traversed by 3 veins; other^vise no light scaling on the forewing. Fringes paler. Cross-vein of hind- 

 wing without scahng, the other veins and the distal margin brown-black, Ukewise all the wing-margins on the 

 underside. Expanse 19.5 mm. ■ — ■ Albania (Kisbarda near Valona, early June). 



S. typhiaeformis i?o?'M. (52a). The forewing with blue-black margins, the distal border having a red- lyphiae- 

 brown tone. Cross-vein of hind wing slightly incrassate. Body black-blue. White bands in front of the eyes. /"'''"'*'■ 

 Palpi black above and at the sides, reddish yellow beneath. Antennae white above before the apex. Abdomen 

 above with a narrow red-yellow liindmarginal belt on segment 2 and a broader one on 4, on underside a similar 

 but whitish belt on segments 4 and 5. Anal brush black-blue, in (^ whitish beneath in the centre; in $ uniformly 

 black-blue. Legs black-blue; tarsi blackish above, whitish yellow or grey beneath. Abdomen of (J strongly 

 compressed laterally. — Rather sporadic and rare; only known from South Germany (Augsburg, ? Frankfort 

 o. M.), Lower Austria, Dalmatia, Northern and Central Italy (southward to Naples and Taranto) and France 

 (northward to Paris). The larva lives in the branches of Apple-trees, particularly in the lowest branches. Moth 

 in June. 



S. cruentata Mann (52 a). Differs from typhiaeformis particularly in that the abdomen bears red scales, crneniata. 

 wliich however do not form sharply defined belts; segments 1 — 4 above almo.st entirely red, 1 and 2 bearing 

 black scales in the centre, almost condensed to spots. However, the red scaling varies somewhat in extent, 

 sometimes only segments 1 and 2 having red spots above, while the other segments bear only sparse red scales. 

 The sides of segments 1, 2 and 4 are striped with red. Venter uniformly black. Anal tuft slightly pale yellow 

 beneath in the middle. Palpi blue-black, rusty yellow beneath on segments 1 and 2. Antennae a beautiful 

 yellowish white before the tip. Distal margin of forewing black-brown, with a reddish tint; the median spot 

 rather broad, black. Legs black; tarsi mixed with yellow. — Sicily (May, June). Larva in Apple-trees. 



S. pipiziformis Led. (52 b). Antenna likewise with a white spot before the apex, but the palpi white pipizifor- 

 baneath and black above. The lateral edges of all the abdominal segments, and segment 4 above, a narrower '"^'• 

 dorsal border to the tail, as well as a thin median line in the tail on the underside orange-red or pale golden 

 yellow. Eyes with pale golden yellow border. Legs steel-blue; tibiae yellowish white on the inside at base and 

 apex and along the whole outside, tarsi likewise yellowish white. The $ is more compact and stouter, with the 

 median band and outer border of the forewing broader, and the outer vitreous patch smaller and more rounded. 

 Anal brush black above and below. — Syria (Beyrut, in the spring) and Southern Taurus. 



S. culiciformis L. (51 e). Costal and hind margins of forewing above red beyond the base. Palpi ved-ciclieiformis. 

 yellow, black on outside. Antennae uniformly black. Frons with white bands at the eyes. Segment 4 of ab- 

 domen with a red belt which is of equal width above and below, segments 1 and 2 with red-yellow lateral stripe. 

 Legs black-blue; tibiae yellow on inside, tarsi also yellow. Breast with a large red-yellow lateral spot. Anal 

 tuft black, often with whitish hair at the very tip. In rare cases the wings are luteous on the upperside. The 

 following aberrations have received names, a) ab. biannulata Bartel, with an additional red belt above on seg- biannulata. 

 ment 2. b) ab. triannulata SpuL, with a further red belt above on segment 5; forms similar to biannulata also iriannulaia. 

 known from the Kuku-Nor and L^ssuri (coll. Punoeler). c) ab. flavocingulata Spul., with all the red coloui'ing flavocin- 

 replaced by yellow, which is especially conspicuous on segment 4; tliis form commoner locally in England. S"'"'"- 

 d) ab. thynniformis Zell. has likewise a yellow belt on segment 4, but also the other segments have yellow thynni- 

 hind margins, the collar and upperside of the antennae being also yellow, the distal area of the forewing bearing /""'"'«• 

 yellow streaks and the anal tuft being luteous with steal-blue streaks ; only known from Silesia, Mark Branden- 

 burg, and Darmstadt. — S. culiciformis is distributed with the Birch all over Europe, extending northward to 

 Alten, Nordland, Lapmark, Finland, southward to Sjiain, Piedmont, Croatia, Dalmatia, Servia, Bulgaria, 

 Roumania, South Russia, Transcaucasia, and reaching from the Ural and Volga districts over Siberia to the 

 Kentei Mts. and Northern China. Larva whitish grey or wliitish yellow, with yellowish brown pronotum and 

 light brown head. It feeds in the trunks and stumps of Birch under the bark, but also in younger shoots, 

 more rarely in the wood of Alder, but also in the branches and suckers of young Aldertrees. It changes after 

 hibernating once into an ochreous pupa in April or May. The elongate cocoon is somewhat impressed in the 

 centre; it is not granular as in the other species, but covered on outside with thin long particles of wood, such 

 particles also being found in the tunnel between cocoon and orifice. The moths from May to July. 



S. stomoxyformis Hbn. (51 e). Considerably larger than culiciformis. Forewing not red at the h&sa, stomoxy- 



formis. 



