58 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



plums, &c., were allowed to rot under the trees. — A. Marshall; Cran- 

 brook, Kent. Jan. 18th, 1901. 



V. atalanta has been abundant in the autumn here during the last few 

 seasons. V. {Pyrameis] cardui : a few were seen in 1897. V. io has 

 always been very scarce; in fact, during the last tweutv-two years I have 

 only seen four specimens. V. {Ar/lais) urticcE is generally abundant every 

 year. — G. B. Routledge ; Tarn Lodge. Headsnook, Carlisle, Jan. 8th. I'JOl. 



V. atalanta during the past season has been more than ordinarily abun- 

 dant in the neighbourhood of Carlisle, and also in the district round 

 Lazonbv, in the south-east of Cumberland. Not since 1894 have I seen 

 it so plentiful. V. io has hardly been seen for a good many years until last 

 season, when several were seen or taken near Carlisle, and near Maryport 

 on the coast it was not uncommon, so that it is hoped that this fine species 

 is about to re-establish itself with us. Twenty or more years ago it was, 

 I believe, almost as common as V. urliccB. — T. H. Day ; Carlisle, Jan. 7ih. 



Referring to Mr. Atkin s note (ante, p. 17), the following observations 

 from Lewes and district may be of interest. The past season has been 

 marked by an abnormal abundance of V. atalanta, while V. {Cynthia) 

 cardui has occurred in tolerable numbers. V. io appears to have almost 

 completely disappeared from the neighbourhood, since in places where it 

 was formerly plentiful I have hardly seen a specimen for the past six years. 

 The late Mr. Watkins, of Eastbourne, informed me that he had noticed 

 the same in reference to the Eastbourne district. V. polychloros, formerly 

 also plentiful, is now but seldom seen. I have only noticed two specimens 

 during the past six years. — Hugh J. Vinall, ; Lewes. 



Early Appearance of Phigalia pedaria (pilosaria) — T took a fine 

 male (black variety) off a gas-lamp on Dec. 16th last. — W. Feather; 

 7, Harding Houses, Crossbills, Yorks. 



Late Butterflies. — I see, on referring to my notes, that I captured a 

 male Euchlu'e cardamiaes on Aug. 4th, 1879. Pararge egeria I saw on 

 Oct. 16th the same year. Grapta c-alhum was in my garden on Nov. 2nd 

 this year, and at the end of the month Pieris rapcB was seen, on two 

 occasions, near this city. Several days during the month were as warm as 

 at the end of September ; violets and prirnroses in plenty in the open. — 

 J. B. PiLLEY ; Hereford, Dec. 18ih, 1900. 



Notes from Cranbrook, Kent. — The number of butterflies in this 

 district seems to me to be on the decrease, and I believe this is, partly at 

 least, attributable to the keenness of our up-to-date agriculturists for 

 " hedge-brishing," which means that, when the hay and corn has been 

 carried, all the hedges are trimmed up, and the herbage from the banks 

 and ditches cleared away. These " brishings " are either burnt or thrown 

 into the cattle-yards, which must mean the destruction of a lot of ova, 

 larvae and pupae. Specimens of Pieris napi were in good condition up to 

 Oct. 7th ; many of the late females had the under side of the secondaries a 

 beautiful bright lemon-yellow colour. Oonppteryx rhamni, Vanessa iirtica, 

 and Polyommatus pklceax were also common ht-re up to end of S^^pteinher^ 

 One specimen only of Culias edusa seen, on Aug. 11th. Re F. cardui 

 (ante, p. 26), one autumn, some few years ago, I several times saw specimens 



flymg round oak-trees on some high ground near here, after sunset. 



A. Marshall; Cranbrook, Kent, Jan. I8th, 1901. 



