98 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



do not readily lay in confinement, only, of course, the syrup must be 

 omitted.— Gervase F. Mathew; Dovercourt, Essex, Feb. 11th, 1901. 

 SuGAEiNG Lamps. — Have there been any improvements lately m 

 the manufacture of these lamps ? If so, I should like to know. For 

 the past two seasons I have been using one of the usual kind, as 

 supplied by the dealers— one with bent glass front and burning a 

 mixture of colza and American petroleum. It gives a fair light, but I 

 think it might be vastly improved ; the reflector seems to be a weak 

 point. Has anyone invented any sort of electric lamp ? I shall be glad 

 to hear the experience of other collectors as to the best kind of lamp to 

 use, &c., and where to obtain it.— Gervase F. Mathew ; Feb. 12th, 1901. 

 PiERis DAPLiDicE MIGRATING. — Tliis spcciss passcd ovcr here to-day 

 (January 19th, 1901) in a large cloud, the time about 2-30, with a 

 temperature of 101° in the shade. The butterflies appeared to be 

 making for a north-westerly point ; their progress was slow for such 

 a high elevation, and the spectacle against the deep blue sky had the 

 appearance as if studded with gems. On the ground they collected 

 in batches where the spots were mostly damp and shady ; towards 

 sunset they had entirely disappeared. — H. W. Bell-Marley, I.L.I. ; 

 Ingagane, South Africa. 



Irregularity in Emergence of Drepanid^. — With reference to 

 Mr. Leonard Spencer's observations on the length of time over 

 which the emergence of Drepana hamula {blnarla) extended {ante, 

 p. 52), I may adduce for comparison my experience with falcataria 

 (falcula). I had a fine brood last summer, which pupated between 

 the 16th and 27th July. Some were forced at about 90° F. ; of these 

 about half emerged at various dates extending from five to fifteen 

 days ; the other half were placed at the ordinary room temperature 

 about the 11th August, when I went abroad. I returned 8th September, 

 and found all these had emerged and died durmg my absence, except 

 one, which was living and in good condition, and therefore could not 

 have emerged earlier than about the 5th September. Some others 

 were kept from the beginning at the room temperature ; about half of 

 these emerged in from seven to thirteen days, the rest while I was 

 abroad, except one, which did not emerge until the 9th December. 

 Many others were placed within a day or so after pupation at various 

 low temperatures, mostly at about 48° F., and kept there for about 

 fifty to seventy days, being brought into room temperature at intervals 

 between the 16th and 28th September. Many of these emerged while 

 at the low temperatures, but many others at various times afterwards, 

 several of them in November and December, and one on the 12th 

 January ; as I have some healthy-looking pupse remaining, I expect 

 more. The artificial coohug to which most were subjected was a cause 

 of much retardation, but it will be observed that the extreme irregu- 

 larity in the appearance of the perfect form was not confined to these. 

 The regularity of appearance of some summer insects — for example, 

 V. io and V. polychluros — contrast strongly with this ; I have often 

 found all that pupated on the same date emerge on one and the same 

 day. — F. Merrifield. 



Erratum.— Page 55, line 28, for "Derbyshire" read "Denbigh- 

 shire." 



