THE AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA. 163 



setsB were found in Ledra, but in this form the darker coloured 

 bands were wanting (m). In all the forms examined with the 

 microscope (see enumeration at the observations on antennae) 

 a peculiar process (n) is found, projecting somewhat from the 

 inner surface of the claws at the place where their connection 

 with the empodia terminates. This process — which is generally 

 firmly chitmised, sometimes, however, slight and feeble, but 

 always furnished with small chitinous bristles — is not firmly 

 united to the claw, and appertains decidedly to the empodium, 

 although, seen in profile, it usually resembles a tap (or stopple) 

 from the inner margin of the ventral part of the claw. These 

 processes are easily seen in many dried examples of exotic 

 Cercopina3 and Aphrophorinae, but in several forms I have not 

 been able to detect them with certainty, and I have no very 

 precise opinion whether they are then actually lacking, or (as in 

 Pkilcenus spamarius) only very small and feebly developed. The 

 tarsi of Machcerota, which have been examined with a lens, seem 

 to accord with the other Cercopidse. 



Family-characters, therefore, may be stated thus : — The em- 

 podia are very thick, united witJi the clau'S for a condderahle, or 

 very considerable, part of the length of the latter, their free apical 

 margin is not properly incised, and on their underside are seen two 

 firm longitudinal baiids. 



3. Fidgoridce. — In Fulgora the empodium, seen from above 

 (f. 13), is short, almost rectangular, oblique, partly somewhat 

 firmly chitiniaed, and is only united with the claws closely 

 around their base, and for the rest projects freely forward 

 between them. In Calyptoproctus, Dictyophara, Cixius — and the 

 Delphax group (f. 14) and Poeciloptera (f. 15) the empodia are 

 notably stoutly formed (strongest in the two last named types), 

 and project for some distance forwards between the claws, but 

 are only united with these for a shorter (not nearly half the 

 length of the claws), or very short, space, and may be either 

 {Megamelm) considerably — somewhat difftisedly — chitinised, or, 

 on the contrary {Pee diopter a), entirely membranous with a couple 

 of small chitinous strips out near the margins on the upper side. 

 In Tettigometra (f. 16) they are entirely membranous, and reach, 

 seen in profile, out to a trifle from the apices of the claws ; seen 

 from above, however, they are united with the inner margin of 

 the latter, only for somewhat over half of their length. In 

 Calliscelis* they reach, when the tarsi with extended claws are 



- In this form the basal segment of the posterior tarsi is strongly dilated, 

 and the under surface partly beset with peculiar bristles (pi. ii. f. 17 b), many 

 of which are flattened, spatula-shaped, with rounded-off ends; while others 

 are longer, pointed, and somewhat flattened out. These do not appear to be 

 fastening-hairs of the quality which are found, for example, on the tarsus of 

 Cerambycidae. Some dilation is also seen in the middle segment of the 

 tarsus. Similar tarsal structure has been also observed in Eurybrachyb. 



