136 lEPIDOPTERA. 



from larvae " which feed in a more or less rounded, gall-like 

 swelling, of the size of a pea, on stems of Epilohium {al- 

 pinum), generally at the base of a leaf-stalk. There are 

 often several galls on one stem. The larva changes in a 

 longish whitish cocoon, within the very confined space of the 

 gall ; at the upper side of the gall some white web protrudes 

 in a tubular form through a small hole, and out of this 

 the perfect insect escapes. A gall found in the middle of 

 October produced a moth the following day" (Stett. Ent. 

 Zeit. 1861, p. 37). 



Chysoclista Flavicaput. " I found the enclosed chrysalis 

 this morning in a clipped white-thorn hedge. It appears the 

 insect is only found in last year's wood ; consequently when 

 the hedge was clipped last autumn many were destroyed" 

 (W. S., 30, 3, 61). 



'^ I enclose a twig just as I cut it from the hedge. It was 

 by accident I first discovered it, by cutting several in two 

 whilst trying to graft some red-thorn on the white. After 

 destroying so many, I thought in what way could I best 

 discover them without injuring them, and on diligently 

 looking I discovered the little opening, you will observe, a 

 short distance I suspect from the chrysalis. I have not dis- 

 covered any in the old wood; they are all in last year's 

 growth" (W. S., 4, 461). 



" About a month ago, when the hawthorn leaves were 

 beginning to appear, a friend of mine brought me a couple 

 of twigs like those I enclose, containing the slit and burrow, 

 with pupae at the bottom. To day the first insect made its 

 appearance, proving to be C. Flavicaput. The moth comes 

 out about 7 A.M. I observe that, in nine cases out of ten, 

 the hole is situated about an inch from a fork, and that the 

 pupa is just at the fork. In the specimens infested with 

 ichneumons there is no hole" (F. A., 16, 5, 61). 



