72 



Appendix A. 



(Reduced from original) 



and in the case of the female to bite and lay more eggs. The complete fe- 

 male Culex is drawn in Fig. 3. The '"beak," it will be seen, has a long 



Fig. 3 — Adult Female Culex. 

 middle piece (proloscis) and two smalkr projections at each side of the 

 proboscis, which are called feelers or palps. These palps are very short in 

 the female; but in the male Culex they are longer than the proboscis and 

 very hairy. Just outside the palps are two long antennae, each with four- 

 teen small joints ; the antennae are much more feathery in the male than in 

 the female. 



This mosquito is the familiar pest of fields, gardens, woods and houses 

 everj^here. Only the female bites. In warm leather she can digest a 

 meal of blood in 36 hours or less. 



The Culex mosquito selects for her eggs only still or slowly flowing water, 

 but not even the most advanced degree of putrescence or contamination pre- 

 vents the eggs from developing; thus cess-pools, brewery drains, and stable 

 yard pools are favorite spots. One species, as has been, recently proved by 

 Prof. John B. Smith, of Rutgers College, develops with great rapidity in salt 

 marshes. Eggs are usually laid in water-barrels, pans, • tin cans, wells, 

 springs, rain-pools, cess-pools, pots, kettles, drainage traps, ponds, marshes, 

 holes in hollow trees — in short, anywhere where stagnant water remains in 

 warm weather for a week or two at a time. 



Larger and more permanent bodies of natural water may be cleared by 

 the minnows and other small fish, most of which eat mosquito larvas eagerly; 

 but when the edges of the pool or stream are cumbered with grass, weeds, 

 green slime or leaves, in which the larva3 are very expert at hiding, the fish 

 are not able to gain access to them. 



Anopheles, which is the mosquito that under certain conditions causes 

 malaria, is not the common species of this region, but still is present in 

 many localities. It differs from Culex as follows: The larva swims flat 

 on the water instead of head down, and has a very short breathing tube. 

 The adults, both male and female, have their palps or feelers jitst as long 



