cont;iiii('<l an almost matnve Pipunculus grwh. Thus ^ve may 

 osfiiiiatc \\\v vixix and larval stage of tho fly. at the eoinmencc- 

 iiicnr lit" the wann season as approxiiiiatcly forty days. 



riic uialiii'c uriil) makes its way nut of the hopper's hody, 

 thus killiuii- the already sluaiiish insect, and after some hours 

 forms a very stout, dai'hd)ro\vu ])U])ariuni. In the cane fields 

 these pnparia were not infivMpiently found at the hase of cane 

 leaves or elsewhere ou the leaf. Tlie pupal stan'e at Pahala, 

 800 feet, for Fehruary-^Iarch was found to he 28 days in one 

 case and o4 in anothei". 



At first it a))]:»eared that the male lio])pers were the more 

 (•ften parasitized hy the fly; T helieve, however, that this was 

 heeanse the parasitism was more easily reeooiiized in that sex. 

 Affected hoppers were very freqnently captured hy the A cso- 

 mliiK'sii was]) and this seemed to a]^]^ly ])artieularlv to nudes, as 

 can he seen fi'om the following- table for April 4th. One was]> 

 nest cotitained hoppers as follows: 



Males 28 Females :34 



Pai-asitized 14 Parasitized . 1 



.Ml ho])pers here wer(^ carefnlly exannned. 



'rh(> following are ]iei'eentages of leaf hopper parasitization 

 ]>y Ptpuiicnlus. They are prohahly nnderestimated owing to 

 the dithenlty of distinguishing snuill Pipunculus maggots. 





Pahala 3/1 1 Upper ^toaula (Field Xo. i) 2300 



" 4/1 Wood Valley Homesteads J150 



" 4/3 Wood Valley Homesteads 2150 



4/4 Wood Valley \'ariety Sta. 1850 



" 4/6 Wood Valley \'ariety Sta. 1850 



" 4/10 Middle Mud Flow (Field Xo. 40) 1900 



4/22 Mill Field (Field Xo. 14) 750 



Olaa 3/15 Mountain View (Field 6) 1500 



3/15 ^lountain View ( l"ield 6) 1500 



t Hoppers taken out of nest ef Xcsoiiiliiicsu wasp. 

 * Many lioppcrs died. 



