43 



as soon as attack is evident. Details are given as to the application 

 of the three remedies suggested. No home-made adhesive is said to be 

 really satisfactory. The bands should be 3-5 feet above the ground, 

 and if the branches originate near the ground each should be banded 

 separately. The bands should be at least 3i or 4 inches wide, and li 

 the females are likely to be numerous, it is advisable to fix two bands 

 on each trunk. The bark under the bands should be carefully searched 

 for egg-masses and well dressed with 8-10 per cent, carbolineum. The 

 bands should all be in place at the beginning of October, or even 

 earlier, though observation is required to fix the most effective moment. 

 Stress is laid on the necessity for banding several years in succession. 

 Tar is much used in the Bangert instead of the commercial adhesive, 

 because it is cheaper, but it suffers from the weather and requires 

 constant watching and renewal. Spraying with carbolineum must be 

 done thoroughly and every care taken to wet the under sides of the 

 twigs and branches ; a fairly high pressure and a fine spray is advisable, 

 and high pressure horse-sprayers have given excellent results. Bush 

 fruit should be sprayed as a rule in January or at latest in the first half 

 of February and fruit trees in February and March. The carbolineum 

 .should be first well mixed with a small quantity of water and the 

 remainder subsequently added ; otherwise a uniform solution will not 

 be obtained. The approximate quantities required are 3| pints for a 

 medium- sized gooseberry bush, or less for a pruned currant bush, 

 1*1-25 pints for a young tree, and 9 gallons or more for a large tree. The 

 cost may be reduced by the use of so-called insoluble carbolineum, 

 which requires the addition of soap just before use. In spite of the 

 risk of scorching, Paris green is a very valuable remedy, and only a very 

 light spraying is necessary as it is very fatal to the caterpillars. As soon 

 as any sign of attack is observed, the spray should be used (one-tenth 

 per cent, by weight in water), care being taken to keep the mixture 

 constantly stirred whilst spraying ; a good plan is to put a few large 

 glass marbles at the bottom of the container and keep them in constant 

 motion during the spraying ; this apphes to small hand apparatus. 

 Urania green is not so liable to settle. The addition of 1 per cent, of 

 lime by weight greatly assists in preventing the settlement of the Paris 

 green. High pressure and a fine spray is advised and a much smaller 

 bulk of fluid is required than is the case with carbolineum. To prevent 

 possible poisoning no fruit should be sprayed within at least four weeks 

 before gathering. Lead arsenate is more costly than Paris green and 

 the proportion required is higher, }^ per cent, by weight of the paste, 

 but it is recommended as causing less damage to tlie plants. It is 

 stated thatHibeniia defoUaria, L., is often found in company with 

 Cheimatobia hnimata from October to February, and Aniaopteiijx 

 <(escularia, Schiff., in March. 



SiTPiNO (F.). Triaenodes hicolor and H>jdrocampa mjmphaeata in the 

 Rice Fields of the Province of Milan, Italy.— /n^enm/. Rev. Science 

 & Practice Agric, Mthhj. Bull. Agric. InteU. & PL Dis., Rome, 

 vii, no. 7, July 1916, p. 1058. [Abstract from Rendiconti R. Inst. 

 Lombardo Scienze. e Leitere, Milan, Ser. II, xlix, nos. 2-3, 1916, 

 pp. 108-1 U.] [Received 30th November 1916.] 



Rice-growers near Milan have complained of injury to rice by 

 aquatic larvae, and investigation has demonstrated the existence of 



