66 



As the individual farmer will not incur the trouble and expense of 

 destroying this pest, unless he knows that the other members of the 

 community will do the same, it is proposed to introduce legislative 

 measures similar to those in force for the control of the San Jose scale 

 [Aspidotus perniciosus] and other pests of horticulture, subject to the 

 proviso that they shall take effect only when and where a proclamation 

 by the Governor of the State may direct. 



Preserving Corn. — Jl. Jamaica Agric. Soc, Kingston, xx, no. 10, 

 October 1916, pp. 407-408. [Received 1st December 1916.] 



Various preventives of the infestation of maize by weevils are 

 suggested. For small quantities in barrels or boxes, small porous bags 

 of naphthaline at the rate of two tablespoonfuls to a barrel may be 

 placed at the bottom of each. Naphthaline used in this way is a pre- 

 ventive only and will not be effective when maize is badly infested. 

 For large quantities of grain, carbon bisulphide may be placed in small 

 tins at the top of the grain, using 1 oz. for every 50 cubic feet. 



Strauss (T. F.). The Grape Leaf-folder.— Z7. *S. Dept. Agric, 

 Washington, D.C., Farmers' Bulletin no. 419, November 9th 1916, 

 16 pp., 4 plates, 6 figs. 



The Pyralid, Desmia funerolis, which has long been known as a 

 grape-vine pest, has been the subject of two seasons' observations in the 

 vicinity of Washington. A detailed history of this insect is given from 

 literature going back as far as 1796. Its distribution practically covers 

 all regions where wild and cultivated grapes grow in the United States 

 and extends north over a considerable portion of Canada. It has been 

 found on Vitis labrusca, V. rotundifolia and F. cordifolia. All varieties 

 of cultivated grapes are liable to attack, those with tough leaves being 

 generally less attractive than varieties with more tender foliage. 

 D. funerolis also feeds on Virginia creeper and two varieties of redbud, 

 Cercis canadensis and C. chinensis. In the author's experience the 

 foliage only of the grape-vine is attacked, though the larvae of the first 

 brood have been recorded as eating the blossoms and young fruit. 

 The effect of the attack is to fold over and skeletonise the leaves, which 

 dry up and expose the fruit to the rays of the sun, rendering it un- 

 marketable in severe attacks. The various stages are described. 

 The moths are on the wing from the end of April to June and mostly 

 emerge early in May. The proportion of females to males is about 

 seven to one. The eggs are usually deposited singly on the underside 

 of the leaf, and hatch in 8 to 10 days. The young larva does not begin 

 to fold the leaves until about two weeks old. In the latitude of 

 Washington, and perhaps in most of the Northern States, there are 

 two generations a year. In the Southern States it is thought that there 

 may be three or more. The majority of first-brood larvae pupate 

 during July, the" average duration of the larval stage being about four 

 weeks. The full-grown larvae leave their shelters and drop to the 

 ground, where they transform among fallen leaves, etc. During late 

 July and August the moths are again on the \ving and depositing eggs, 

 giving rise to the larvae of the second brood, which is far more nimaerous 

 than the first. These pupate in September in Washington, and by 

 mid-October few, if any, are to be found in the leaves. The pupae of 

 this brood pass the winter among dead leaves on the ground. 



