67 



The parasites of D. funeralis, reared by the author, include : — 

 Hymenoptera : Apanteles canarsiae, Ashm. ; Habrobracon jokannseni, 

 Vier. ; Meteorus dimidiatus, Cress. ; PardianlomeUa ibseni, Gir. ; 

 Trichistus jpygmaeus, Cress. ; Mesochorus scitulus, Cress. ; Gemocerus 

 •sp. Diptera : Tachinophyto variabilis, Coq. ; Exorista pyste, Walk. ; 

 Leskiomima tenera, Wied. Notes were made on the life-histories of 

 several of these parasites. A. canarsiae is numerous during late August 

 and early September and feeds externally, the pupal stage lasting about 

 five days. M. dimidiatus was fairly abundant in one locality in Virginia 

 and attacks the larva of D. funeralis in early autumn. This species is 

 itself parasitised by Perilanipus platygaster, Say, in both the larval 

 and pupal stages. On 27th September several eggs of a new 

 Eulophid, PardianlomeUa ibseni, were found on a larva of this moth. 

 The eggs hatched the following day, and in five days the parasites 

 had left the remains of their host and pupated. These pupae were 

 kept in jars during the winter and in spring the adults emerged. 

 Habrobracon johannseni, Vier., a new Braconid, was found to be 

 widely distributed ; it feeds externally on the larvae of D. funeralis. 



Arsenical sprays are efficacious as a control, and vineyards regularly 

 sprayed are generally free from this pest. Where the insect has been 

 troublesome in previous years, the vines should be well sprayed shortly 

 after the blossoms have fallen with arsenate of lead at the rate of 2 lb. 

 of the paste or 1 lb. of powdered arsenate to 50 U.S. gallons of water. 

 One such treatment should destroy the caterpillars of the first brood so 

 effectually that injury by the second brood would be of little importance. 

 Where it is impracticable to spray the vines, it is decidedly advan« 

 tageous to go thoroughly over the plants and crush the folded leavea 

 by hand. Foliage falling in the autumn should be raked together and 

 burnt. 



A bibliography of 26 works is given. 



Williams (C. B.). Biological and Systematic Notes on British Thy- 

 sanoptera. — Entomologist, London, xlix. nos. 641, 642, 643, 

 pp. 221-227, 243-245, 275-284, 1 fig. 



Four British species of Thysanoptera, three of them new to the 

 British fauna, are described in these articles. The life-histories of 

 several others, some of which are of economic importance, are also 

 given. Sericothrips gracilicornis, sp. n. , is described from mixed herbage 

 and bedstraw {Galium), and Heliothrips errans, sp. n., from three females 

 found on orchids {Laelia anceps) in a greenhouse. The original home of 

 this latter species is doubtful, but these individuals were probably 

 imported from Central America. H. brunneipennis, to which it is most 

 closely allied, is only known from Ceylon. The author now accepts 

 the name, Kakothrips pisivora, Westw., which was described from the 

 larva, as having priority over K. robustus, Uzel [see this Review, Ser. A, 

 iii, p. 279 J. Observation in 1915 showed a great increase of this pest 

 As regards its natural enemies, several specimens of a Chalcid {Pirenc 

 scylas. Walk.) have been found to be closely associated with this thrips, 

 though it was not definitely proved to be a parasite of it. A mite, 

 Actineda vitis, Schr., was found sucking a larva of the pea-thrips, and 

 larvae of the predaceous thrips, Aeolothrips fasciatus, were fed on those 

 of K. pisivora in captivity, and this probably also occurs in nature. 



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