A 



77 



molasses, all of which were eventually discarded as useless. It is finally^ 

 suggested that further experimental work should be carried out in 

 connection with the use of fencing, bagging (especially with mosquito- 

 nets), pruning and cultural practices. 



A bibliography of 266 references is appended. ^ 



EJsriGHT (H. H.). The Army-worm in New York in 1914. Leucania 

 nnifuncta, Haworth. — Cornell Univ. Agric. Expt. Sla., Ithaca, 

 N. Y., Bull. 376, May 1916, pp. 751-765, 8 plates. [Received 

 14th December 1916.] 



Cirphis {Leucania) imipuncta caused considerable damage to pasture 

 lands and hay and grain crops in several parts of New York State in 

 1914. Damage was also reported from other States, while eastern 

 Canada suffered very severely [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 18], 

 the total loss of crops being estimated at £50,000 for Ontario alone. 

 In 1915 the moth was far less abundant. 



The army worm seems to prefer certain wild grasses, such as Agrostis 

 alba, to all others, bluegrass, timothy, and orchard grass being also 

 eaten when they come in the path of the migrating caterpillars. Of 

 cultivated crops oats and maize are first attacked, then barley. Certain 

 leguminous crops, such as clover and lucerne, are apparently immune, 

 as also are beans and peas. 



C. unipuncta is parasitised by the red-tailed tachina fly, Winthemia 

 quadripustulata, F., the yellow-tailed tachina fly, Goniamima uni- 

 fasciata, R.D., the Braconids, Mete&ms communis, Cress., Apanteles 

 militaris, Walsh, and A. rufocoxalis, Riley, and the Ichneumonid, 

 Ichneumon laetus, Brull. It is preyed upon by a large bug, Apateticus 

 cynicus, Say, and a Carabid, Calosoma calidum, F., in the larval stage. 

 Other Carabids, such as Pterostichus lucublandus. Say, P. mntus, Say, 

 Harpalus caliginosus, F., and H. pennsglvanicus, Dej., attack both 

 larvae and pupae. Of birds, the most effective are crows, cowbirds, 

 grackles, meadow larks and robins. Poultry will also devour them 

 with avidity. 



Artificial methods of control that may be employed are the 

 formation of barriers, the digging of furrows or deep trenches, and the 

 laying of dust mulches with lines of tar or similar substances. A 

 poison bait composed of 100 lb. wheat bran, 3 lb. Paris green, 7-^ U.S. 

 gals, stock molasses, 7 U.S. gals, water, and 1 doz. chopped oranges^ 

 was used effectively in oat fields in Kansas. 



Hereick (G. W.) & Hadley, Jr. (C. H.). The Lesser Migratory 

 Locust {Melanoplus atlantis, Riley.). — Cornell Univ. Agric. Expt. 

 Sta., Ithaca, N. Y., Bull. no. 378, 45 pp. 6 pis., 17 figs. 



Melanoplus atlantis, Riley, is indigenous to the North American 

 continent, where it is very widely distributed. A full description 

 of its life-history is here given. Rye, oats and maize are all 

 severely attacked, as well as almost all other crops. Its natural 

 enemies include birds, predatory and parasitic insects. Poultry are 

 useful in destroying it. The most practicable method of control is 

 ploughing of the breeding places of the insects in spring and autumn 

 to a depth of six inches or more ; disking and harrowing are also 



