119 



in about 10 days and moult five times before attaining full growth, 

 which takes about 16 days. The adults may live for two or three 

 months, and are found chiefly in the rainy season. The beetle, 

 Adoretus hirteUus, Castn., is found in all cacao plantations. Toxoptera 

 theobromae, Schout. (cacao aphis) attacks the tender leaves and flowers. 

 Tobacco decoction, kerosene emulsion and whale-oil soap are the usual 

 treatments against it. The Pentatomid, Plataspis vermicelhris, Stal, 

 has only once been found on cacao branches, but it attacks Erythrina 

 indica, which is a shade-tree for cacao. The Longicorn, Sthenias 

 cylindrator, F. (cacao girdler) completely girdles twigs up to | inches in 

 diameter, with the result that the part of the branch beyond the girdle 

 dies. 



On cotton the usual pests were found, Earias insidana (spiny boll 

 worm) being prevalent. 



Miscellaneous pests included Aspidiotus cyanophi/lli, Sign., on 

 banana fruits, and Pseiidococcus bromeliae, Bch., attacking pineapples. 



Three swarms of locusts were reported during the year. 



Herrick (G. W.). The Fruit-tree Leaf-roller in New York State.— 



Canadian Horiiadturist, Toronto, xxxix, no. 12, December 1916, 

 p. "287, 4 figs. 



This article contains a short account of the fruit-tree leaf-roller 

 [Gacoecia argy)-ospihi] in New York State for the benefit of entomologists 

 and fruit-growers in Ontario, owing to the possibility of its spreading 

 into Canada. It is difficult to control o\^T,ng to its habit of hiding in 

 the opening buds or rolled up leaves. Spraying with arsenate of lead 

 in strong solutions has not proved effective in cases of severe infestation. 

 The eggs are susceptible to miscible oils applied thoroughly in spring 

 in the proportion of 1 gal. to 5 gals, of water. Only one application 

 should be made and this should be done when the temperature is above 

 freezing. In cases of severe infestation the oils should be supplemented 

 with, thorough sprayings of arsenate of lead at the rate of 6 lb. to 

 100 gals, of water, one application being made before the blossoms 

 open and another after the petals fall. In cases of slight infestation 

 arsenate of lead or a lime-sulphur spray will be sufficient. 



Neilson (J. a.). Fighting the Potato Beetle. — Canadian Hortiadturist, 

 Toronto, xxxix, no. 12, December 1916, p. 290. 



The potato beetle [Leptinofarsa decemlineata] is becoming general 

 throughout Manitoba and the west of Canada. Hitherto, Paris green 

 has been the -only poison used to control it in Canada, but owing to the 

 high price of this, a series of experiments was undertaken with home- 

 made arsenate of lime, prepared according to the formulae given by the 

 U.S. Department of Agriculture [see this Revieiv, Ser. A, iii, p. 737]. 

 The results were quite satisfactory, arsenate of lime proving as effective 

 as Paris green or arsenate of lead and much cheaper than either. The 

 cost was approximately 3d. a pound. The resultant calcium arsenate 

 paste was found on analysis to contain 19 '4 per cent. As^ 0,-. Paris 

 green should contain 56 per cent, of Aso 0-, so that on the basis of 

 As._, 0,, 2 '831 lb. calcium arsenate equals one pound of Paris green. 

 The opinion is expressed that 3 lb. calcium arsenate to 40 gals, of water 

 may be used with safety. 



