122 



tiger beetle and is nofc a true borer, but makes burrows in the stem of 

 the plant in which to hide and from which it emerges to seize its prey. 

 These beetles are predaceous both in the adult and larval stages and 

 probably the damage they do to coffee is more than counterbalanced 

 by the good done by the destruction of other insects. The larva of 

 another Cicindelid, Collyris emarginatus, with a similar habit has been 

 recorded on coffee trees in Java. 



CusHMAJsr (R. A.). Sijntomaspis drv/parum, the Apple-seed Chaleid. — ■ 

 Jl. Agric. Research, Washington, D.C., vii, no. 11, 11th December 

 1916, pp. 487-501, 8 figs., 4 plates, 2 tables. 



The apple seed Chaleid (Syntomaspis drwparum) occurs throughout 

 the northern states from Vermont to Michigan, but has not been 

 recorded from Ohio or Indiana. It has also been found as far south as 

 Clearfield, Pennsylvania, and at Vienna, Virginia. It probably occurs 

 throughout the eastern part of the country wherever small seedling 

 apples {Mains sylvestris) are to be found. The only externally visible 

 effect of infestation is caused by the oviposition puncture, which, after 

 a few days, appears as a minute scar situated in a small, shallow dimple. 

 From this scar a discoloured line extends to the seed. Under ordinary 

 circumstances the fruit appears to be able to outgrow both of these 

 manifestations of injury, but when fruit is scarce and the insects very 

 abundant the gross injury due to repeated puncturing at nearly 

 the same spot causes permanent and deep dimpling, with corky, 

 discoloured streaks in the flesh. Injury caused by other insects 

 such as the bugs, Lygidea mendax, Rent., and Heterocordylus malinus, 

 Reut., is sometimes erroneously attributed to this insect. S. druparain 

 has been found infesting the seeds of Sorbus scandida, S. aria, Pynts 

 baccata and Mains sylvestris, lady apple and crab apples, both "wild and 

 cultivated. It also attacks a few species of cultivated apple. Only the 

 lady apple however is subject to serious attack and the ordinary com- 

 mercial varieties are never infested except in neglected orchards or when 

 the fruit is stunted from some cause or other. The immunity of 

 cultivated varieties is due to the fact that at the time when the Chaleid 

 is ovipositing, the fruit is so large that the ovipositor cannot reach the 

 seeds. It is not therefore of very great economic importance. Its 

 life-history is described ; it has no specific enemies and the mortality 

 among hibernating larvae is very small. It may, however, be kept 

 under control by purely mechanical means. All wild seedling apples 

 or wild crab apples should be cleared away from the neighbourhood 

 of orchards, preferably in late summer, so as to destroy, the largest 

 number of the larvae of the season, and all fallen fruit should be 

 destroyed. Two season's work on these lines should clear the orchard 

 of this pest. 



A bibliography of nine references is given. 



NouGARET (R. L.), Davidson (W. M.) & Newcomer (E. J.). 

 The Pear Leaf-Worm. — U. S. Dept. Agric, Washington, D.C., 

 Bull. no. 438, 11th December 1916, 23 pp. 2 pi., 4 figs. 



Gymnonychus californicus. Marl, (pear sawfiy) is apparently a native 

 of the Pacific Coast, occurring throughout a range of 1,000 miles. Its 

 original host is probably one or more wild plants related to the pear ; 



