138 



Company of Marseilles is recorded. When the lead tanks were tested, 

 they were found to have been perforated by this sawfly, the larvae of 

 which were living in the wooden casing. On examination, rough 

 conical perforations were found in the lead, showing that the metal 

 had been torn away piecemeal, and that it is therefore the imago and 

 not the larva that does the damage. As the larval stage lasts two or 

 three years, the damage may continue for a year or two, but would then 

 stop because the insects would be killed by the acid fumes on emergence. 

 The necessity for using in such installations wood that has been 

 previously treated is thus emphasised. 



Navarro (L.). Pardsitos animales de los Arboles frutales. [Animal 

 Pests of Fruit-trees.] — Bol. Agric. Tecnica y Economica, 

 Madrid, vii, no. 78, 30th June 1915, pp. 554-563. [Received 11th 

 January 1917.] 



The insect pests recorded on fruit-trees in Spain include : — Coleop- 

 tera : Hylesinus oleiperda, F. ; Rhynchites bacchus, L., controlled by 

 collection of damaged fruit, and winter digging at the foot of the trees 

 in order to expose the pupae ; Peritelus griseus, L., the larvae of which 

 can be destroyed by injections of bi-sulphide of carbon in clay soils ; 

 Otiorrhynchus crihricoUis, Gyl. ; Anthono^nvs jjomomm, L., and 

 A. rectirostris, L., for which sprays of milk of lime and solutions of 

 sulphate of iron are recommended ; Bahninus nuami, L., against 

 which prolonged irrigation in the winter and trenching round the trees 

 are the methods of control suggested. 



Lepidopterous pests, which are of less importance, include : — 

 Aforia crataegi, L., Lymantria dispar, L., EuprocUs chrysorrhoea, L., 

 Odonestis pnmi, L., Makicosoma neustria, L., and Saturnia pyri, L. 



Benaiges (C). Regeneraci6n del Olivar. [Redevelopment of the 

 Olive Plantations.] -5oZ. Agric. Tecnica y Ecrmomica, Madrid. 

 vii, nos. 79 & 80, 31st July & 31st August 1915, pp. 657-666 & 

 743-752. [Received 11th January 1917.] 



A detailed description of Saissetia {Lecanium) oleae, a serious pest of 

 the olive, is given. The Chalcid parasite, Scutellista cyanea. has been 

 introduced against it with great success. Spraying should be carried 

 out from the end of May to mid-June, and experience shows that two 

 sprayings with weak solutions give better results than one which is 

 more concentrated. A good formula is an emulsion of 4 lb. soft soap 

 to Ih pints essence of turpentine, and Bordeaux mixture, 4 lb. sulphate 

 of copper and 2 lb. fine fat lime to 18 gallons of water. This is both 

 cheap and effective. 



For the destruction of the Scolytid, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (oleae), 

 fumigations of hydrocyanic acid are recommended, and as one spring 

 female may give rise to as many as 20,000 individuals, \^dnter fumi- 

 gation is very necessary. Details of the method of fumigation are 

 given. Should this prove impracticable, in February and March the 

 trees should be clea,nsed and then shaken ; in June, when colonies of 

 pupae hide in the crevices of the bark, the trunks should be scraped 

 and then sprayed. Arsenic sprays are very effective if used just 

 before the periods of activity of the insects, i.e., during the larval and 

 adult stages. These periods vary according to climate, and spraying 



