156 



on molasses or otlierwise was greater in spring and at the end of the 

 summer, it was found advisable to preserve their eggs in a refrigerator 

 at a temperature of 40-42°F. so as to delay their further development. 

 When required, they were removed from the ice and offered to the 

 parasites. In winter these eggs were kept between the frames of 

 double windows where, if not exposed to the sun, they would remain 

 till the middle of March, when it is possible to procure freshly laid 

 eggs in the Crimea. In the laboratory these parasites infested eggs 

 of a great variety of Lepidoptera, including Barathm brassicae, Folia 

 oleracea, Agrotis pronuba, Hadena {Trachea) atriplicis, Oria (Tapinostola) 

 rmisculosa, Feltia {Agrotis) exclamationis, Zygaena sp., Acronyda 

 rumicis, A. tridens, Papilio podalirius, Catocala sp., Hibernia 

 defoliaria, Enproclis {Poriliesia) chrgsorrJwea, Spilosoma sp., Procris {Ino) 

 ampelophaga, Phlyclaenodes {Botys) sticticalis and Cheimatobia brumata, 

 besides many unidentified species. It is therefore considered certain 

 that they infest eggs of practically all Lepidoptera, except some 

 eggs which are too small, such as those of the Tineidae, or those 

 with a hard shell, such as Lymantria dispar or silkworms. The 

 number of parasites w^hich it is possible to rear in the laboratory is 

 theoretically unlimited ; when proper care is taken of the parasite, 

 it can live 17-19 or even 22 days and deposit up to 50 eggs. The 

 first specimen of T. fasciatum was reared in July 1913, and since 

 that date, up to the time of the appearance of the report in 1910, 

 50 generations have been bred from it. No males were observed 

 during the whole of this time. Of each generation only about 5 

 individuals give rise to descendants under laboratory conditions. 



Experiments were also conducted on the effects of temperature 

 on these parasites, and, from a table given, it appears that at a 

 temperature of 38-39°F. hibernation sets in, while at 48-52°F. 

 development lasts 38-43 days ; at higher temperatures the time 

 necessary for development decreases, being 10 days at 84°F. and 

 8-9 days at 88-100°F., while 95-100°F. is fatal to the adults, though 

 it is probable that in nature they are able to survive even higher 

 temperatures. Although no parasites hibernating in the eggs of 

 the host w^ere found under natural conditions, it is thought from 

 the experiments that this may occur ; when the eggs of Catocola 

 sp. were infested in October and kept over the winter at 39°F., they 

 gave rise to parasites in February ; in another experiment eggs of 

 the same insect were infested in September and kept in a refrigerator 

 till the middle of the following June, and when brought into a normal 

 temperature, they produced parasites. 



The results of these experiments tend to show that it is practicable 

 to rear these parasites artificially in any numbers and to keep them 

 for many months. Further experiments are required to demonstrate 

 how far they can be utihsed for the practical control of Cydia pomonella. 



MoKRZECKi (S. A). CanriipcKafl PloivionorMMecKafl CiaHuifl. KparKiti 

 OHepK-b en A'^flTenbHocTH sa I9I3-I9I5 opraHHsai^ioHHbie roflbi. 



[A short Keview of the Work of the Salgir Pomological Station at 



Simferopol for 1913-1915], Simferopol 1916, 40 pp., 20 figs. 



The Pomological Station at Salgir in Simferopol, which was opened 



at the beginning of 1913, has an Entomological Section, which deals 



with the study of the biology of insect pests and the methods^of 



