176 



Other Scolytid bark pests, which may be controlled ia the same 

 way, include Pterocyclon {Monarthrum) mali, Fitch, attacking apple, 

 plum, cherry and orange. P. (M.) fasciatum is an alUed species of 

 similar appearance and habits. The walls of the burrows of the 

 adult are covered with a black fungus on which both it and its larvae 

 feed. 



Xyleborus dispar, F. {Anisandrus pyri, Peck) (pear-blight beetle) 

 attacks apple, pear, peach and plum trees, causing a dying back of the 

 wood in smaller branches similar to the bacterial disease known as 

 pear blight or twig blight. The adult usually enters a twig at the base 

 of a bud. The hfe-cycle is completed within the burrow, the adult 

 of the next generation issuing through the entrance hole. Infested 

 twigs should be cut out and burnt and the control methods already 

 described should be employed. 



vS ANDERS (G. E.) & Brittain (W. H.). Spraying for Insects affecting 

 Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. — Dominion of Canada Dept. Agric, 

 Entom. Branch, Ottawa, Circ. no. 8, 1916, 11 pp. [Received 

 27th February 1917.] 



This circular contains the results of spraying experiments carried 

 on in Nova Scotia during the last two years, together with notes on 

 the control of certain insects affecting apples and pears that are 

 ]:)revalent at the present time. The spraying calendar given in a 

 former circular has been revised in accordance with the result of 

 later work. 



Of the insects which require control, the green apple bug {Lygus 

 communis var. novascotiensis, Knight) needs special methods. This 

 pest can only be destroyed by a contact poison applied directly to 

 its body. In spraying badly infested trees, large numbers drop to the 

 ground and after spraying, re-ascend the trees. The hatching period 

 is spread over a considerable time, commencing several days before 

 the blossoms open and continuing, though at a greatly reduced rate, 

 through the blossoming period. The adults are strong fliers and are 

 attracted to pears from infested apple trees near at hand. To control 

 this pest all infested trees should be thoroughly pruned so that all 

 parts will be readily accessible to the spray. AVhere infestation is 

 severe, the trees should be banded with tanglefoot, and all grass 

 and weeds eradicated from the orchard. Apple trees should be sprayed 

 mth nicotine sulphate just before the blossoms open and again, if 

 necessary, just after they fall. In cases of light infestation careful 

 and correctly timed spraying will be sufficient without banding. 

 The control of this insect on pears must follow after the apple trees 

 have been dealt with. If immature bugs only are present on pear 

 trees, one spray immediately before the blossoms fall is usually 

 sufficient. A very heavy, drenching, driving spray is necessary, 

 applied to each limb individually and from every angle at a pressure 

 of at least 200 pounds. 



Experiments conducted during 1915 showed that m many cases a 

 serious reduction in crops resulted from using too strong a lime- 

 sulphur spray. In 1916 further experiments were made to find out 

 at what strength lime-sulphur caused burning and at what period 

 it did the most damage. The results obtained showed that on trees 



