177 



sprayed with lime and sulphur of the following strengths : 1 gal. 

 concentrated commercial lime and sulphur solution to 75 gals, of 

 water, 1 gal. of the same solution to 60 gals, of water and 1 gal. to 

 50 gals, of water to each of which ordinary lead arsenate paste was 

 added in the proportion of 5 lb. to 100 gals., no injury involving 

 reduction of the crop was observed. Any sprays above this strength 

 caused a loss amounting to as much as 85 per cent, of the crop, the 

 fall of the fruit occurring after the application of the fourth spray. 

 Tlie period of greatest danger from too strong lime and sulphur is 

 I'lom ten days to two weeks after the blossoms fall. Bordeaux 

 mixture used according to the 4-4-40 formula, two weeks after the 

 blossoms fell, caused no drop of the fruit and only 3 per cent, of the 

 crop sprayed showed slight russeting. The ideal spray was found 

 to be lime and sulphur and arsenate of lime, which is safer than 

 arsenate of lead and may be used in the proportion of 2 lb. to 100 

 gals, of solution, appUed twice, before the blossoms open, and dilute 

 lime and sulphur and slightly less arsenate of lime immediately after 

 the blossoms fall, followed two weeks later by weak Bordeaux mixture. 

 An orchard in which this spray was used showed 99 per cent, of the 

 crop to be free from apple scab. 



A table is given for diluting lime-sulphur for each spray. For 

 Bordeaux mixture the proportion recommended is 7 lb. copper sulphate, 

 and 7 lb. lime (stone) to 100 gals, of water. 



Howard (L. 0.). Report of the Entomologist for the Year ended 

 June 30th 1916. — U.S. Dept. Agric, Bureau of Entom., Washing- 

 ton, D.C., 24th August 1916, 24 pp. [Received 27th Februarv 

 1917.] 



In connection with the control of the gipsy-moth {Lymantria dispar) 

 in New England, 214 towns in all have been examined during the 

 year, as well as over 12,000 miles of roadways and 24,000 acres of 

 woodland. As a result, this pest has been reported for the first time 

 in 10 towns in New Hampshire, 2 in Vermont, 2 in Massachusetts 

 and 1 in Comiecticut, and apparently has been exterminated in 2 towns 

 in New Hampshire, 2 in Vermont, 4 in Massachusetts and 3 in 

 Connecticut. This shows a lower net increase than in previous years. 

 There has been a noticeable decrease in the number of insects in the 

 towns along the border which were treated last year, and satisfactory 

 results have accrued from the work done in to\\^ls inside the border 

 in order to prevent continued spread throughout adjoining areas. 

 The colonies formerly existing in Great Barrington and Ijcnox have 

 apparently been exterminated. It is beheved that the insect has 

 been exterminated in Ohio and New Jersey. In New York State 

 eight egg-clusters were found outside the area sprayed last year. 

 The severity of infestation by the brown-tail moth {Euproctis 

 chrysorrhoea) has steadily decreased and it is not spreading into new 

 territory. Out of 37,444 shipments of quarantined products examined 

 during the year, 644 were found to be infested, 11,159 specimens of 

 gipsy moth in all stages except the adult form and 517 brown- tail 

 moth webs being destroyed. Under new regulations, shipments 

 that are being sent into slightly infested territory must now be 

 inspected in the same way as those which pass outside the quarantined 

 area. A large number of experiments have been conducted with 



(C359) c 



