185 



Troop (J.). Report of the Entomological Department. — Twenty-ninth 

 Ann. Rept. for the Year ending June 30, 1916.^Purdue Univ. 

 Agric. Exp. Sta., Lafayette, Ind., pp. 41-42. [Received 6th March 

 1917.] 



The year 1916, as a whole, was comparatively free frora serious 

 outbreaks of insects. The Hessian fly [Mayetiola, destructor] continued 

 to do considerable damage to wheat, especially in the south of the 

 State ; in other sections its parasites developed to such an extent 

 that they reduced the damage done to a minimum. An unusual 

 outbreak of flea-beetles on maize occurred, the plants being attacked 

 when from two to four inches high. The beetles were also very 

 numerous on potatoes. In the course of work on the control of the 

 codling moth [Cydia jyomonella] it was found that the emergence of 

 a brood of the adults was spread over a period of more than two weeks, 

 and it was decided to begin the application of sprays in the middle of 

 this period. 



Woodbury (C. G.), Richards (M. W.) k Read (H. J.). The Indiana 

 Farm Orchard, Operating Costs and Methods. — Purdue Univ. 

 Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull, Lafayette, Ind., xix, no. 194, September 

 1916, 79 pp., 56 figs., 12 tables. [Received 6th March 1917.] 



Two classes of insects attack fruit trees ; sucking insects, such as 

 Aphids and Coccids, which extract their food from the sap of the 

 tree; and chewing insects, which actually eat parts of the fruit or 

 leaves. The former must be controlled by a contact insecticide, 

 and the latter principally by stomach poisons, of which arsenate of 

 lead is the one most commonly used in orchards. The winter or 

 dormant spray is a contact insecticide and is applied as a sanitary 

 measure and for the control of scale-insects between November and 

 March. Lime-sulphur should be used at a strength of about 5° Be. 

 There are also reliable miscible oil sprays that may be used, but these 

 are more expensive. The standard summer sprays are lime-sulphur, 

 Bordeaux mixture and arsenate of lead. Nicotine sulphate is added, 

 when the occasion demands, for soft-bodied insects such as Aphids. 

 The first suromer spray, for which Bordeaux mixture (4-6-50) is 

 used and to which one pound of powdered arsenate of lead or two 

 pounds of paste arsenate of lead to 50 U.S. (42-| Imp.) gals, of mixture 

 is added, should be applied when the leaf-buds burst and before the 

 flower-buds open. The second sunmier spray, which is specially 

 directed against the first brood of codling moth [Cydia po7nonella], 

 should consist of lime-sulphur 1° Be., to which arsenate of lead is added 

 in the same proportion as in the first summer spray, and should be ap- 

 plied as soon as the petals fall. When Aphids are present, nicotine 

 sulphate should be added in the proportion of one-third pint of nicotine 

 sulphate to every 50 U.S. gals, of spray solution. The third summer 

 spray, which is also directed against C. pomonella, may be a repetition of 

 the first summer spray and is applied about three weeks after the 

 petals fall. The fourth summer spray is also the same as the firsth 

 and is applied at the end of June or the beginning of July. The fifth 

 summer spray is directed against the late brood of C. pomonella and 

 should be applied about three or four weeks after the last , the same 

 mixture being used. ^^<^-_i-fc , *"*.w 



(C363) Wt.P5/131. 1,500. 5.17. B.& F.Ltd. Gp.11/3 A^ ^ 'h^ 



