190 



trees soon after transplanting into orchards. These trees were pro- 

 tected with mosquito netting. A timely application of arsenate 

 of lead would probably be effective. The lesser peach borer, Aegeria 

 {Syimnthedon) jyictijies, G. & R., is apparently not on the increase. 

 The usual control measures against this moth are given [see this 

 Review, Ser. A, ii, p. 432]. The lime-tree winter-moth {Erannis 

 tiliaria, Harr.) usually persists from year to year in woods unnoticed. 

 It occasionally becomes numerous and causes serious defoliation both 

 in the woods and adjacent orchards. As it has not been found in 

 injurious numbers in well-sprayed orchards, the prevailing system 

 of treatment with arsenicals probably affords sufficient protection 

 against this pest. The gooseberry fruit worm {Zophodia fjrossulariae, 

 Pack.) sometimes attacks currants and also greengages. The control 

 measure which has been found eft'ective is the application of a spray 

 of arsenate of lead or Paris green as the first webs are being formed. 

 In an effort to correlate the different green fruit worms on apple with 

 the moths of the various species, specimens of a common type in one 

 orchard were reared to maturity and proved to be Graphi])hora alia, 

 Guen. A description of the egg and larval stages of this moth are 

 given. 



Severin (H. H. p.). Soluble Poisons in the Poisoned Bait Spray to 

 control the Adult of the Apple Maggot {Rhagoletis pomonella, 

 Walsh). — Maine Agric. Exp. Sta., Orono, Bull. 251, April 1916, 

 pp. 149-168. [Received 9th March 1917.] 



This paper describes in detail a number of experiments with various 

 poison-bait sprays, the results of which are given in a series of tables. 

 Experiments carried out in 1914 showed that soluble poisons, such 

 as potassium and sodium arsenate and sodium arsenite, even when 

 used in such small quantities as \ oz. added to three gallons of water 

 and one pint of molasses, will scorch the foliage of apple trees. In ex- 

 periments in the following year three applications of poisoned bait 

 sprav containing soluble poison dissolved in diluted molasses showed 

 that infestation varied from to 20 per cent, in orchards situated 

 away from the margin of the experimental area, and from 32 to 57 

 per cent, in orchards near untreated trees. An even distribution of 

 the droplets over the foliage proved more effective than spraying the 

 trunk and large limbs from underneath. Definite information has not 

 vet been obtained regarding the number of applications necessary for 

 good results. In orchards where tent-caterpillars [^Malacosoma^^ have 

 already partly defoliated the trees, a soluble poison should not be 

 used. 



This remedy has been a complete failure in the control of Rhagoletis 

 j)omonella under town conditions. With four applications of the spray 

 the infestation varied from 4 to 98 per cent. 



Metcalf (C. L,). Syrphidaa of Maine. — Maine Agric. Expt. Sta., 

 Orono, Bull. 253, July 1916, pp. 193-264, 9 plates. [Received 

 9th March 1917.] 



This paper describes in a popular manner the structure and habits 

 of various species of Syephidae which are among the most impor- 

 tant natural enemies of Aphids. These include :-- Paragus anguslifrons, 



