206 



Hadley (C. H. Jr.) & Matheson (R.). The Seventeen-year Locust 

 in Western New York. — Jl. of Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., x, 

 no. 1, February 1917, pp. 38-40. 



Tibicen septendecim, the periodical cicada or seventeen- year 

 locust, was reported as appearing in varying numbers in several 

 countries in western New York during the summer of 1916. This 

 insect last appeared in New York in 1899. In an area of old apple 

 orchards a spraying test was carried out with Bordeaux mixture to 

 which was added a large amount of lime, 60 to 80 lb. to 100 U.S. gals, 

 of the mixture, but this spray did not apparently deter the insects 

 from ovipositing. 



Davis (J. J,). A Chemical Feeding Analysis of White Grubs and May- 

 beetles (Lachnosterna) and its Economic Application.— JZ. Econ. 

 Entom., Concord, N.H., x, no. 1, February 1917, pp. 41-44. 



The value and utilisation of pigs for the destruction of soil-inhabiting 

 pests, such as white grubs and cutworms, is discussed in this paper. 

 The destruction is reported of 99 per cent, of grubs in a badly- 

 infested 10-acre maize field after pasturing for 27 days with 108 pigs. 

 In order to convince farmers of the value of this practice, a chemical 

 analysis of the grubs and May-beetles was made, the results of which 

 are given, and compared with a feed of maize. The fat and protein 

 contents of the grubs compare favourably with these constituents 

 in maize, but the carbo-hydrates are deficient, indicating the advantage 

 of feeding maize in comiection with the grubs, or pasturing pigs in 

 grub-infested land bearing a crop of maize. Analysis shows that the 

 value of the grubs as food and the value of the manm'e produced by 

 such feeding is well worth the expense of fencing a field with wire 

 which will contain pigs. The injury to an infested pasture by the 

 rooting of pigs is found to be negligible. A more serious danger 

 is the possible infection of the pigs wdth the tape- worm, Echinorhynchvs 

 gigas, of which the white grub is an intermediate host [see tliis Review, 

 Ser. A, ii, p. 122]. As a precaution, pigs that have never been pastured 

 should be used in fields which have not been previously so dealt with 

 within three years. 



Merrill (J. H.). Further Data on the Relation between Aphids and 

 Fire Blight {Bacillus mnylovorus, Bur. Trev.). — Jl. Econ. Entom. 

 Concord., N.H., x, no. 1, February 1917, pp. 45-46. 



The report of field observations made in the years 1915 and 1916 

 showed that a direct relation existed between the severity of Aphid 

 infestation and the amount of fire-blight infection. During the spring 

 and summer of 1916, experiments were conducted to determine how 

 it was possible for the Aphids to come in contact with the blight 

 bacteria, and whether or not they could inoculate trees with fire-blight. 

 The examination of cankers show^ed that Aphids deposited their eggs 

 in them as readily as in any rough places in the bark. In the spring the 

 Aphids which hatch from these eggs crawl through the gummy 

 exudations of the then active cankers and become comtaminated with 

 blight bacteria, which they carry to the terminal growths of the twigs. 

 For the inoculation experiments, Aphids were passed over pure cultures 

 of blight bacteria and then transfeiTed to the twigs of apple trees. 



