249 



province. A systematic fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas is 

 being carried out under the direction of the provincial council, to be 

 followed by a spraying with lead arsenate for all those trees which 

 cannot conveniently be fumigated. 



ROMANOVSKY-ROMANKO (A.)- YxOfl'b 33 (j)pyKTOBblM'b CaflOWb. [The 



Treatment of an Orchard.]— « BtCTHMKlj CaflOBOACTBa, flnOflO- 

 BOflCTSa H OropOAHMMeCTBa.» [Messenger of Gardening, Fruil- 

 Groivinq <£ Market-Gardening], Petrograd, Ivi & Ivii, nos 11-12, 

 November-December 1915 and 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 & 9-10, 

 Januarv-Februaiv, March- April, May-June, July-August and 

 September-October 1916, pp. 748-775, 63-88, 173-210, 313-327, 

 36^372, 501-513. 



This series of articles describes work required for the care of an 

 orchard in the different months of the year. Owing to the great 

 differences in the climate in various parts of Russia, the information 

 given is strictly applicable only to the central region, i.e., that between 

 the Volga and the Dnieper ; in all other parts the different measures 

 will have to be undertaken earher or later, according to the latitude. 

 The work in November and December consists of lime-washing the 

 trunks of fruit trees, preceded by careful cleaning. To increase 

 its disinfectant properties, about 1| lb. of iron sulphate is added 

 to each gallon of lime solution. Instead of lime- washing w^th a brush, 

 spraying with milk of lime or with 15 per cent, lysol may be effected, 

 the latter being essential for the control of eggs of scale-insects, which 

 are not affected by ordinary lime. Young apple or pear trees must 

 be carefully searched for eggs of the apple aphis [Aphis pmni], which 

 also oviposits on sorb trees, medlars and — in the south — ^on quinces, 

 Amelanchier and dog- wood ; the eggs turn black some time after their 

 deposition and their presence is also indicated by the black, curled 

 leaves which remain at the end of young infested shoots. These eggs 

 should be picked or crushed by hand, or they may be destroyed by 

 spraying with lysol, when there is no frost. This spray is effective 

 against eggs of Psylla, which can also be controlled with a solution 

 of iron sulphate (| lb. of rye flour paste being mixed with 1 lb. of 

 iron sulphate dissolved in hot water and the whole being dissolved in 

 3 gallons of water or more, so as to ensure the free passage of the liquid 

 through the nozzle of the sprayer). Besides destroying the wintering 

 nests of Aporia cratuegi and Euproctis chrysorrhoea and the egg- masses 

 of Malacosoma. neustria, attention must be paid in November to branches 

 infested with Scolytids ; these should be cut away or smeared with 

 carbohneum and lime (2 or 3 parts by volume of 3 per cent, milk of 

 lime and 1 part of carbolineum) or with carbolic emulsion. In 

 February observations may be begun so as to form an estimate of 

 the probable appearance of insect pests. For this purpose the method 

 suggested by Balabanov is recommended. By this method, branches 

 are cut from the trees at the end of February and placed in water 

 in a heated room ; after from 30 to 40 days, it mil be possible to note 

 the development of the buds and the appearance of various insect 

 pests, which may have been present on them as eggs or larvae. During 

 March the trees should be sprayed with 1 part of lime and 2 parts 

 of washed clay dissolved in sufficient water to render the solution more 

 or less liquid, | lb. of Paris Green being added to each 30 gallons of 

 (C370) B 



