250 



this, as a protection against various weevils and also against Cheima- 

 tobia bnitnata and Eiicostrm ocellana. In Marcli the removal and 

 destruction of eggs of the gipsy moth [Lymantria dispar] must be 

 completed. In April special attention must be paid to Cydia jjomonella 

 and Cydia {GrapJiolitha) funebrana, which can be best combated by 

 spraying the trees before the opening of the flower buds with Bordeaux 

 mixture (4 lb. of hme and 4 lb. of sulphate of copper in about 60 gallons 

 of water), repeating this later with a weaker solution (3 lb. each of hme 

 and sulphate in the same amount of water). In the absence of sulphate 

 of copper, lime-sulphur may be used. The month of April is also the 

 most suitable for the control of Zeuzera pyrina by means of carbon 

 bisulphide or benzine, injected into the galleries, before the caterpillars 

 have begun to make further borings after hibernation. In May, 

 spraying the flowering trees with water, followed by powdering with 

 tobacco, is recommended against attacks of Epico7netis {Tropinota), as 

 the tobacco will then remain on the flowers during the whole period 

 of blossoming. Bait-posts of poplar wood have been successfully 

 used against cockchafer larvae in the plantations along the Central 

 Asian Railway by V. A. Paletzky, as it has been observed that these 

 larvae collect in great numbers round the roots of poplar trees ; the 

 posts are 6 or 7 inches in diameter and 10 inches long and are placed in 

 the ground about 7 feet apart. They are periodically taken up and 

 the larvae that collect underneath them destroyed. Instead of 

 separate sprays against Cydia pomonella and other insects and fungi, 

 combined sprayings have been recently utilised consisting of Bordeaux 

 mixture (41b. of sulphate of copper, 4 lb. of lime in 170 gallons of 

 water) to which is added from 4 to 8 oz. of Paris green or about 

 1| lb. of lead arsenate. In June, when the adult cockchafers are on the 

 wing and ovipositing, powdering the soil with, naphthaline mixed with 

 sand gives good results ; about 67 lb. of naphthaline is required per 

 acre, 1 part of naphthaline being mixed with 2 parts of sand. 

 Spraying with various insecticides is recommended for July and in 

 the event of serious outbreaks in late summer, these may have to be 

 repeated in August, although as a rule no poison sprays should be 

 used in this month. In September and October attention must be 

 paid to CJieimatobia brumata and Hibernia defoliariu, the wingless 

 females of which must be kept from the trees by means of adhesive belts. 



Okun (M.). YpioHOBafl nflAeHMua m witpbi 6opb6bi C"b hbm. [Biston 

 cinerarius, Esch., and its control.] — «TypKeCTaHCHOe CenbCKOe 

 X03fli)CTB0.» [Agriculture of Turkestan], Tashkent, xi, no, 5, 

 May 1916, pp. 411-416. [Received 10th April 1917.] 



Biston cifierarius, Esch., is one of the most serious pests in 

 in the Isfara orchards [see this Review, Ser. A, ii, p. 635]. The 

 adults appear in the first half of March and the females, being 

 wingless, must be prevented from ovipositing by means of adhesive 

 belts. The caterpillars feed only during the day, becoming torpid at 

 night, and they should therefore be shaken off the trees during the 

 night or early morning. In order to prevent their return, the base of 

 the tree- trunk should be surrounded with heaps of fine, dry sand, about 

 15 inches high, which they are unable to cHmb. They can also be 

 checked by spraying with Paris green or lead arsenate. The mature 



