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field after sunset, preferably before the cabbages are planted out. 

 Other Lepidopterous pests include Phytometra (Autograplia) brassicae 

 (cabbage looper), Plutella maculipennis, Pieris {Pontia) ra/pae, Pieris 

 •protodice and P. monuste. These can be easily controlled by arsenicals, 

 such as 2 lb. of lead arsenate or zinc arsenite to 50 U.S. gals, water ; 

 soap or flour paste should be added to make the mixture adhere to 

 the leaves. Among Aphids, Myzus persicae, Aphis brassicae and 



A. pseudo-brassicae attack cabbages, and are controlled by a spray of 

 tobacco extract. Chortophila {Phorbia)fusciceps (cabbage root-maggot) 

 is best dealt with by placing some repellent such as tobacco dust 

 about the roots of young plants, or in a badly infested plot carbon 

 bisulphide can be poured from a small spoon into a hole slanting 

 down to the root. Minor pests include Murgantia histrionica 

 (harlequin cabbage-bug) and Mermis albicans (cabbage hair-worm). 



Celery pests include Lygus pratetisis (tarnished plant-bug), Nysius 

 angustatus (false cliinch-bug), both controlled by strong tobacco 

 extract and soap, Papilio polyxenes (celery caterpillar), Phytometra 

 (Plusia) simplex (celery looper) and Pionea (Phlyctaenia) ferrugalis 

 (celery leaf- tier), and the Aphids, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum 

 lactucae. 



Grain crops are attacked in Florida by Heliothis obsolete (corn 

 ear-worm), Carpophilus, the wireworms Monocrepidius vespertinus, 

 M. lividus, Horistonotus uhleri, Melatiotus sp., Lacon curtus and 

 L. rectangularis, Laphygma frugiperda (fall army worm), Crambus sp., 

 Sphenophorus spp., Agromyza parvicornis (blotch miner), Diabrotica 

 12-punctata (southern corn root-worm), and the weevils, Calandra 

 oryzae and C. grmiaria, which attack stored wheat. 



Cowpea pests include Chalcodermus aeneus (cowpea curculio), which 

 first attacks the leaves of the plant, and later the pods. The insects 

 can be controlled by 1 lb. lead arsenate powder to 50 U.S. gals, of 

 water, while feeding on the leaves early in the season. Nezara viridula 

 (pumpkin bug) is a troublesome pest to control. When young, the 

 bugs can be killed by kerosene or strong soap solution, but the adults 

 are best controlled by hand-picking. Agromyza pusilla (serpentine 

 leaf-miner) is kept in fair control by parasitic enemies. Haltica 

 nhleri (garden flea-hopper) can be controlled by tobacco extract. 

 Bruchid pests include Bruchus (Pachymerus) quadrimaculatiis and 



B. (P.) chinensis ; these attack stored peas and should be controlled by 

 fumigation, or by keeping the peas at temperatures below 34° F., for 

 two or three months, which destroys the eggs as well as the adults. 



Cucumbers and cantaloup melons are attacked by Diaphania. 

 niiidalis and D. hyalinata ; for the former a trap-crop of squash is 

 the best control ; the latter can be killed by arsenical sprays. 

 Diabrotica vittata (striped cucumber beetle) should be sprayed with 

 lead arsenate. 



Egg-plants are attacked by Myzus persicae and various plant-bugs. 

 Dysdercus suturellus (cotton stainer) can be controlled by strong 

 contact insecticides or by trap-baits. The Spanish cocklebur {Urena^ 

 lobata) is a favourite host-plant of this insect and should be destroyed 

 when growing near crops. 



Lettuce is attacked by Phytometra brassicae, and by various Aphids, 

 including Macrosiphum rudbeckiae ; Empoasca, mali also damages 

 lettuce. 



