321 



Headlee (T. J.). Report of the Entomologist.— i2e^^ New Jersey 

 Ag-ric. Coll. Expt. Sta., 1915, New Brunswick, 1916, pp. 306-336. 

 [Received 22nd May 1917.] 



In New Jersey the season of 1915 started with a tremendous 

 outbreak of the American tent caterpillar {Malacosoma americana, 

 Harr.) which occurred on wild cherry over wide areas and thence 

 migrated to gardens and orchards. Control depends on organised 

 action in cutting out and burning the webs and caterpillars or by 

 spraying or dusting with lead arsenate. Owing to the cold season, 

 apple Aphids became established before their parasitic enemies, 

 the chief species being the rosy apple aphis {Aphis sorbi, Kalt.), 

 which, contrary to previous experience, proved very difficult to kill. 

 The best spray was found to be a combination of winter strength 

 lime-sulphur and 40 per cent, nicotine at the rate of |- pint nicotine 

 to 100 U.S. gals, of lime-sulphur, as this destroys both scale- insects 

 and Aphids ; the best time for treatment is just when the buds ai'e 

 beginning to show green, and not as previously thought between 

 the opening of the buds and the opening of the blossoms. The 

 safest method to adopt for the control of the green apple aphis, 

 Aphis pomi, De G. {niaJi, F.) is the thorough spraying of all parts 

 of the trees when they are beginning to shew green with winter 

 strength lime-sulphur to which 40 per cent, nicotine has been added 

 at the rate of 1 part nicotine to 1,000 parts lime-sulphur. If the 

 Aphids appear between the opening of the buds and of the blossom, 

 the orchard should be treated with a mixture of 40 per cent, nicotine, 

 water and soap, the nicotine being at the rate of 1 part to 500 parts 

 water, with soap added at the rate of 2 lb. to 50 U.S. gals. In 

 the case of the melon aphis {Aphis gossi/pii, Glov.) and those species 

 which are protected by the foliage, the best results followed the 

 use of a stronger nicotine solution than those usually recommended. 

 The cherry aphis {Myzus cerasi, F.) occurred everywhere and was 

 not combated owing to the small value of the crop. Aphids on 

 shade and forest trees and on bush fruit were less abundant than 

 in the previous year, but those on market-garden crops were more 

 numerous than usual. Potato Aphids were abundant, but did 

 little damage and were not controlled. Tomatoes were badly in- 

 fested with Aphis rumicis, L., and were satisfactorily sprayed with 

 a mixture of 40 per cent, nicotine (1 part), water (500 parts), and 

 soap at the rate of 2 lb. to 50 U.S. gals. A. houghtonensis, Trp., 

 was reported as causing malformations of gooseberries. 



The pear psylla {Psylla pyricola, Forst.) was very troublesome 

 and no single method of control was successful, though the following 

 combined operations were eminently so. (1) The rough bark 

 should be scraped in autumn and winter and the scrapings burned 

 in order to destroy adults hibernating in the crevices. (2) In 

 winter and early spring the whole tree should be thoroughly sprayed 

 to destroy crawling insects with winter- strength soluble oil or with 

 40 per cent, nicotine, soap and water (1 pint nicotine to 800 parts 

 water with 1 oz. soap to the U.S. gal.). (3) The eggs should be 

 destroyed by a thorough spraying with winter-strength lime-sulphur. 



White grubs of the species Lachno sterna fusca, Froehl., L. arcuata, 

 Smith, Cyclocephala immaculata, Oliv. , and Polyphylla variolosa, Hentz. , 

 (G375) D 



