342 



10-14 lb. of such, preparations must be used. The arsenical pastes 

 likewise usually contain only about 50 per cent, of the necessary 

 quantity of lead arsenate. Both arsenate of lead and nicotine may 

 be mixed with copper solutions, but in this case the insecticide 

 should be diluted with a little water before adding to the copper. 



Bait-traps and their use have been fully described by the author in 

 previous papers [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, pp. 309 and 492, and v, 

 p. 136]. 



The organisation of syndicates for the purpose of co-operation in 

 control in cases of wide-spread infestation by vine pests is advised. 



Durante (D.). Contributo alia Conoscenza biologica della Tingis 

 pyri, F. [A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Biology of 

 Tingis pyri.] Separate, dated 10th May 1917, from Boll. Lab. 

 Zool. Gen. Agrar. R. Scuola Sup. Agric, Pmtici, xi, pp. 282-290. 



The observations here recorded were made in the spring of 1914, 

 on apple trees on which an outbreak of Tingis pyri, F., had occurred 

 in the previous summer. The first adults appear on the under-side 

 of the leaves soon after the buds open and oviposit shortly afterwards. 

 The total time required by the first generation from egg to adult is 

 32-46 days. Oviposition by the hibernating adults continues even 

 after the new adults appear. Among the plants cultivated in Italy 

 those usually attacked are the apple and pear ; a case was also noticed 

 where infestation from apple trees passed to a plum tree near by. 

 At Somma Vesuviana the larval and nymphal stages of the Tingis 

 were attacked by a small bug and by a Neuropteron. 



The following sprays were found suitable against this pest : — ■ 

 Petroleum 1 lb., soft soap 1 lb., water 10 gals., or soap 2 lb., 

 water 10 gals. A third formula, containing soft soap 1 lb., carbolic 

 tobacco extract 1 lb., water 10 gals., proved more costly. The trunks 

 of the trees should be kept clean, so as to deprive the adults of 

 shelter in winter. 



VoGLiNO (P.). Le Tignole della Vite. [The Vine Moths.] — Riv. Agri- 

 coltura, Parma, xxiii, no. 20, 18th May 1917, pp. 274-276. 



This is a popular article on the vine moths, Clysia ambiguella and 

 Polychrosis hotrana, and contains no new information. 



Mackay (A. H.). Address. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Nova Scotia for 1916, 

 Truro, no, 2, January 1917, pp. 7-9. [Received 2nd June 1917.] 



The author calls attention in this address to the enormous financial 

 loss caused by insects in North America. The Canadian lumber 

 industry is damaged annually co the extent of 25 to 75 million dollars 

 by insects which bore into the wood or bark or otherwise injure the 

 forests. In the United States this damage exceeds 100 million dollars 

 a year, while the total injury by insects to crops, cattle, forest trees, 

 etc. amounts to one billion dollars annually. The damage caused by 

 the Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor] alone has amounted to 40 

 million dollars annually ; the cotton-boll weevil {^Anthonomus grandis] 

 is responsible for injury amounting to 30 million dollars, the codling 

 moth [Cydia pomonella] for 15 million, and the chinch bug [Blissus 



