350 



Truelle (A.). L'Emploi de I'Arseniate de Plomb comme Insecticide. 



[Lead Arsenate as an Insecticide.] — Vie Agric. el Riir., Paris, vii, 

 no. 22, 2nd June 1917, pp. 377-382. 



Tlie history and method of use of lead arsenate as an insecticide 

 both in the United States and in France are dealt with at length. 

 The legal restrictions existing in France since the 30th December 1916 

 are quoted, and general formulae for the use of lead arsenate powder, 

 Swift's arsenate and English lead arsenate paste are given. 



Beenard (L.). Les Insectes Nuisibles aux Vergers. La Chematobie. 



[Destructive Orchard Insects. The Winter Moth..]— Vie Agric. et 

 Rur., Paris, vii, no. 22, 2nd June 1917, pp. 383-385. 



The onlv satisfactory method of controlling this formidable pest 

 [Ckeimatobia brumata] is by the use of adhesive bands round the trunk. 

 M. Truelle gives two formulae for the preparation of the substance 

 used : (1) One pound of colza oil and one pound of lard are heated 

 together till the volume is reduced to one-third, the same weight of 

 both turpentine and black resin is then added and the whole stirred 

 till thoroughly mixed. (2) One pound of black resin and If pounds, 

 of tar are heated carefully in an iron vessel till thoroughly mixed ; 

 one pound of black soap and then 10 ounces of fish oil are added ; the 

 mixture is then taken from the fire and stirred until cold. It must 

 be applied to bands of strong packing- or parchment-paper, 10-12 ins. 

 wide and long enough to encircle the tree-trunk. Each band must be 

 firmly fixed at its upper and lower edges by means of strong string or 

 iron wire, in such a manner that no insects can crawl underneath it. 



KoLET (A.). La Lutte centre les Cochenilles des Grangers et autres 

 Agrumes. [The Control of the Coccids of Orange-trees and other 

 Citrus Plants.] — Vie Agric. et Rur., Paris, vii, no. 22, 2nd June 

 1917, pp. 386-389. 



The most important scale-insect attacking oranges in the south 

 of France is Chrysomphalus {Asjmliotus) dictyospermi var. pinnuli- 

 fera, which is very destructive, but does not cause sooty fungus. 

 C. (A.) adonidum, the American red-scale, does not occur in France, 

 though its presence in Algeria has been reported. Pscudococcus citri is 

 common in the south and in Algeria. Lepidosaphes heckii {Mytilaspis 

 citricola) has been reported in Alpes-Maritimes, as well as Coccus 

 hesperidum, which is particularly liable to cause sooty fungus. Cero- 

 plastes sinensis has been recorded at Nice on mandarin trees, while 

 Parlatoria ziziphus is very destructive in Algeria. 



The first step in control lies in careful pruning and thinning so as to 

 improve the general health of the trees. This may be followed by 

 powerful spraying in winter with a strong solution, such as 5 lb. of 

 black soap in one gallon of water, or a lime-sulphur wash. The 

 efficacy of simple milk of lime does not He only in its causticity, but in 

 the fact that it shrinks in drying and loosens the shield, thus killing 

 the insect. 



The following insecticides are also recommended : — 8 lb. of black 

 soap are dissolved in 3 gals, of boiling water and, when this has cooled 

 to about 104° F., 2 gals, of petrol are slowly added, while stirring ; 



