353 



out, has been made the subject of laboratory experiments. Analyses 

 of the products of a vine which had been treated with a solution 

 containing copper sulphate, sodium arsenate and lead arsenate up to 

 the time that the grapes were one-third of their normal size, gave the 

 following results : — the best wine showed infinitesimal traces of arsenic, 

 but none of copper and lead ; the cloudy wine (vin de lie) yielded 

 5 mgm. per hectolitre of arsenic, a slight trace of copper, but none of 

 lead ; the sour wine showed infinitesimal traces of arsenic, but none 

 of lead or copper. On the other hand the lees yielded 500 mgm. per 

 kilo, of lead, 10 mgm. per kilo, of arsenic and traces of copper, and the 

 pressing (marc) gave 200 mgm. per kilo, of lead, O'l mgm. per kilo, of 

 arsenic and traces of copper, and therefore could not he used as food 

 for cattle. The conclusion is arrived at that arsenical treatment may 

 be prolonged until the formation of the grape without injury to the 

 wine, provided that it be carefully decanted from the lees ; while, on 

 the other hand, the consumption of such wane before the lees had 

 finally settled would be attended by a certain amount of danger, 



Sarcos (0.). L'Emploi des Emulsions Arsenicales, en Hiver. [The 

 Use of Arsenical Emulsions in Winter.] -jRgi?. Viticulture, Paris, 

 xlvi, no. 1189, 12th April 1917, pp. 229-233. [Received 8th 

 June 1917.] 



The author urges that the use of soluble salts of arsenic for spraying 

 vine-stocks in winter should be permitted by law, because an emulsion 

 of soluble arsenical salts is a much better insecticide for the control of 

 the larvae of S])arganothis pilleriana and Clysia ambiguella than lead 

 arsenate, the use of which is permitted by an order of the Minister 

 of Agriculture dated 15th September 1916. Fungus disease is also 

 easily controlled by the use of soluble arsenites. The cost of spraying 

 during winter is less than when the foliage is out, and the risk attending 

 the use of a poison is then at its minimum. France is the only country 

 in which the use of certain arsenical salts is forbidden, their use being 

 authorised in England, Austria, Belgium, Greece, Holland, Portugal, 

 and Sweden, while no regulation whatever exists in Germany, Den- 

 mark, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Russia and the United States. 



Failing such legal permission, the only method of control would be 

 the hot- water treatment, which is practically impossible under present 

 conditions, owing to the scarcity of fuel. 



Lambert (F.). La Scorsonere dans rAlimentation du Ver ^ Soie du 

 Murier. [Scorzonera as a Food of Mulberry Silkworms.] — Rev. 

 Viticulture, Paris, xlvi, no. 1189, 12th April 1917, pp. 233-238. 

 [Received 8th June 1917.] 



During the past hundred years attempts have been made from time 

 to time in France, Italy and Germany to rear the mulberry silkworm 

 {Bombijx mori, L.) on the leaves of cheap and quickly-growing plants 

 such as lettuce, w^ld chicory, Scorzonera, and nettles. It has been 

 found that mulberry silkworms at first refuse to touch the leaves of 

 Scorzonera, but later will eat them under the influence of hunger, 

 though these individuals usually die without forming any silk. The 

 mortality among the silkworms so fed is always very high, the 



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