380 



the injury, but it varied with the season, being more rapid just after 

 the leaves appeared and slower in the autumn. The injury to the 

 crowns consisted in the bark below the surface becoming very dark 

 and so disintegrated that it could be picked apart with the fingers, 

 which might have been due to the invasion of saprophytic micro- 

 organisms. It is doubtful whether general poisoning has ever occurred 

 to any considerable extent as the result of orchard spraying, though 

 it should be possible to produce it experimentally. 



Hinds (W. E.) & Dew (J. A.). The Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm. 

 — Alaba7na Agric. Expt. Sta., Montgomery, Bull. no. 186, 

 September 1915, 92 pp., 4 plates. [Received 26th June 1917.] 



The list of natural enemies of LajjJiygma frugiperda [see this Review, 

 Ser. A, i, p. 518] has been enlarged by the addition of several 

 positively identified species, and now stands as follows : predaceous 

 Hymenoptera : Polistes bellicosus, P. canadensis, Pelopaeus cementarius 

 and Ammophila sp. ; Coleoptera : Calosoma calidum, C. scrutator, 

 Tetracha Carolina, Galerita bicolor, Lehia analis and Callida punctata ; 

 parasitic Hymenoptera : Apanteles laphygmae (?) and Henicospilus 

 purgatus ; parasitic Diptera : Nemoraca leucaniae, Sarcophaga georgiana, 

 S. diver sipes and S. {Helicohia) helicis. 



Hinds (W. E.). Boll Weevil in Alabama. — Alabama Agric. Expt. Sta., 

 Auburn, Bull. no. 188, March 1916, 64 pp., 6 plates. [Received 

 26th June 1917.] 



This bulletin deals further with the introduction and spread of the 

 boll- weevil [Anthonomus grandis] in Alabama [see this Review, Ser. A, 

 ii, pp. 649]. Since the infestation must be regarded as permanent, 

 all possible precautions should be taken in cotton cultivation, such 

 as reducing the cotton acreage, where the necessary labour for culti- 

 vation and weevil control is not available, change of crops in a planned 

 rotation, increase of the nitrogen content of the soil by growing legu- 

 minous crops, deep preparation of the soil, selection of an early variety 

 of wilt-resisting cotton, and the maintenance of a uniform date for 

 planting. The weevils themselves may be controlled by many mecha- 

 nical devices, such as the chain drag or cultivator, hand-picking when 

 squaring begins, destroying infested squares, and collecting the insects 

 with the hoop and bag apparatus. The cotton should be promptly 

 harvested, and the best seed for weevil resistance should be carefully 

 selected, after which all green cotton should be destroyed as early 

 as possible to deprive the adult insects of their food-supply. To be 

 effective, this stalk destruction should be done a month before the 

 frosts and should be effected by burning and not by the old-fashioned 

 grazing method. The stalks may be cut just below the surface of 

 the soil, piled in rows and burned as soon as the leaves are dry enough, 

 the adult weevils and all immature stages being destroyed in this 

 way. Another method of stalk destruction is that of deep ploughing 

 in early autumn, a stalk-bender being used to lay the stalks flat upon 

 the ground, so that the following ploughshare completely buries them 

 at the bottom of the furrow. 



