383 



Howard (W. L.). Planting and Care of an Orchard. — Missouri State 

 Bd. Hortic, Colvmhia, Qrtly. Bull. no. 62, vi, no. 1, January 1914, 

 15 pp., 1 fig. [Received 28th June 1917.] 



This bulletin which deals chiefly ^^^lth the planting and cultivation 

 of orchards, also contains brief notes on dormant spraying against 

 the San Jose scale [Aspidiofus perniciosus], fungicide spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture against apple scab, apple canlvcr and bitter rot, 

 and combined spraying with BordeaiLX mixture or lime-sulphur and 

 lead arsenate against fungus diseases and insect pests such as Cydia 

 pomonslla (codling moth) and Anthonomus quadrigibbus (apple curculio). 



Pellett (F. C). The Economic Value of Birds in Horticulture. 

 Friends and Foes of the Fruit Grower.— iJimown Stale Bd. Hortic, 

 Columbia, Qrtly. BuW. no. 61, vi, no. 1, January 1914, 18 pp„ 

 8 figs. [Received 28th June 1917.] 



It has been stated that less than 5 per cent, of insects are injurious 

 to crops, of which they take a 10 per cent, annual toll, mainly owing 

 to the destruction of their natural enemies and the removal of their 

 food-plants. Birds that should be protected are the blue jay, one of 

 the very few birds fond of hairy caterpillars such as tent- caterpillars 

 [Malacosotna spp.]; the crow, which controls June beetles [Lachnosterna], 

 white grubs and young field mice ; the sparrow hawk, which feeds 

 cliiefly on grasshoppers and crickets ; robins, thrushes and catbirds, 

 the last of which feeds its young on cabbage worms ; the cuckoo, 

 which also eats hairy caterpillars ; woodpeckers, which destroys 

 Aphids, ants, borers and insect eggs in winter ; the flicker, which 

 eats ants in large numbers ; orioles, which are particularly fond of 

 Aphids ; quails, which are in special need of protection owing to 

 their destruction for food, and which devour the Colorado potato 

 beetle [Leptinotarsa decemUneata], the striped squash beetle [Diabrotica 

 vittata], the boll-weevil [Anthonojnus grandis], the chinch bug [Blissus 

 leucoptem], grasshoppers, cutworms and many other injurious insects. 



A bird which is a serious pest and should be controlled is the im- 

 ported English sparrow, as it feeds chiefly on grain and persecutes 

 the beneficial native birds. 



Sanders (J. G.). Clothes Moths. — Weekhj Press Bull. Penns. Dept. 

 Agric, Harrisburg, ii, no. 22, 31st May 1917. 



It is calculated that a milKon dollars annual loss from clothes moths 

 in Pennsylvania is a very low estimate ; this may be avoided by the 

 adoption of simple precautions, such as the thorough brushing and 

 exposure to air and sunlight of furs and clothes before packing them 

 away for the summer. They should be placed in a tight trunk or box, 

 cracks, if any, being sealed with gummed paper strips, and then 

 fumigated for 36 to 48 hours with 2 or 3 ounces of carbon bisulphide. 

 All woollen goods such as rugs, carpets, and curtains should be 

 carefully watched during the summer. 



